; Mukherjee, A.; Kelly, R.M. COX1 and COX2 gene products are two isoforms of the cycloxygenase enzyme that metabolizes arachidonic acid into the inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and leukotrienes [4147]. A slight increase in the cell number in the alcohol control group was noted (Figure 7). The TNF- level in DTH mice treated with EEA (i.v.) Delong, E.F. Archaea in coastal marine environments. The present investigation intends to explore the anti-inflammatory property of ethanolic leaf extract of E. adenophorum Spreng. This is an open access article distributed under the, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Inhibitory effect of topical application of EEA on delayed type hypersensitive (DTH) reaction induced with 25, Indurations of DTH swelling, induced with 50, Photographs showing effect of topical application of EEA and alcohol on resensitized paw of DTH mice, induced by 50, Changes in paw size of DTH mice, induced with 25, Changes in paw size of DTH mice, induced with 50, Effect of intravenously administered EEA and alcohol on count of CD4, The effect of two different doses of EEA on inhibition of generation of hydroxyl radical (. Totally, 15 isolates (AMS 115) were identified by molecular identification as belonging to the ten genera. 17, no. Tsuneda, S.; Aikawa, H.; Hayashi, H.; Yuasa, A.; Hirata, A. Extracellular polymeric substances responsible for bacterial adhesion onto solid surface. 3741, 2009. : manuscript editing; D.G. Centre for Marine Actinobacterial Research, Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India, Marine Biomedical Research Lab and Environmental Toxicology Unit, Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India, Department of Prosthodontics & Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India, Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore. EEA caused an increment in the expression of TNF-, a pro-inflammatory cytokine (Figures 10 and 11). Rusch, A.; Gaidos, E. Nitrogen cycling bacteria and archaea in the carbon sediment of a coral reef. [65] showed that TNF- promotes tissue repair of damage skin by inducing basement membrane components and collagen degrading proteases to participate actively in reconstruction of extracellular matrix. ; Liang, Z.L. The extracted RNA was used for cDNA synthesis. 3. They also express their heartfelt gratitude to Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; 17, pp. The dialyzed EPS were freeze dried to make the powder [, The carbohydrate from the EPS was estimated by the phenol-sulphuric acid digestion method, glucose was maintained as standard [. The assay was then carried out with a 1mg/mL concentration of gelatin as a substratum at 35 C [, The antioxidant activity of the EPS from marine archaea was determined by the methods of Kamala et al. application of the plant extract. The leaves were cleaned thoroughly with water and allowed to air dry. In paper chromatography, the end of the paper is dipped in solvent mixture consisting of aqueous and organic components. 97120, 1998. More D. Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis: It is a modified version of paper electrophoresis developed by Kohn in 1958. A. Schweizer, U. Feige, A. Fontana, K. Muller, and C. A. Dinarello, Interleukin-1 enhances pain reflexes: mediation through increased prostaglandin E2 levels, Agents Actions, vol. This allows it to be the "solvent of life": indeed, water as found in nature Singh, A.; Singh, A.K. The degree of solvation of the protonated amine, which includes steric hindrance by the groups on nitrogen. ; Yin, H.Q. 161168, 2005. Flemming, H.C.; Wingender, J. Wight, T.N. 7, no. ; Akbari, V. Comparison of five methods for extraction of genomic DNA from a marine archaea. S. Ehlers, M. E. A. Mielke, and H. Hahn, CD4+ T cell associated cytokine gene expression during experimental infection with Listeria monocytogenes: the mRNA phenotype of granuloma formation, International Immunology, vol. 3-4, pp. Hao Wang, Hong Xia, Zhenzhen Xu*, Baoji Hu, Toshiaki Natsuki, and Qing-Qing Ni* Publication Date (Web): September 27, 2022. The present study reports and analyzes for the first time the anti-inflammatory property of the leaf extract of E. adenophorum. Interestingly, the expression of TGF- gene encoding the cytokine responsible for growth and repair mechanism is also inducible by EEA. Trincone, A. Molecular fishing: Marine oligosaccharides. Paul, IITR, Lucknow, India for providing valuable Y. Devaux, C. Seguin, S. Grosjean et al., Lipopolysaccharide-induced increase of prostaglandin E(2) is mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase activation of the constitutive cyclooxygenase and induction of membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase, Journal of Immunology, vol. C. J. Smith, Y. Zhang, C. M. Koboldt et al., Pharmacological analysis of cycloxygenase 1 in inflammation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 95, pp. M. H. Barcellos-Hoff, Radiation-induced transforming growth factor and subsequent extracellular matrix reorganization in murine mammary gland, Cancer Research, vol. Immuno electrophoresis Application The enzyme degrades IB subunit to release active NF-B [37, 38], that is, involved in activating inflammatory responses as shown by Tak and Firestein [39] and Yamamoto and Gaynor [40]. 167, pp. In. This suggests that SHFV may not require major adaptations for the human host, and that surveillance is needed for this virus family. ; Bodle, B.; Bogenschutz, E.L.; Inskeep, W.P. ; Selvaraj, J.N. M. Iijima and S. I. Katz, Specific immunologic tolerance to dinitrofluorobenzene following topical application of dinitrothiocyanobenzene: modulation by suppressor T cells, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol. In fact EEA inhibited the swelling by 60% on the ninth day. Notably EEA does not necessarily affect the expression of other inflammation-related genes such as IL-6, IL-10 and IKK. For i.v. Trebbau de Acevedo, G.; McInerney, M.J. Emulsifying activity in thermophilic and extremely thermophlic microorganisms. Asha, K.R.T. 4165, 2009. (EEA) could effectively suppress the inflammatory reaction set in foot paw by injecting two different doses of 2,4-DNFB (Figure 4). ; Liu, L.J. Paper Chromatography Paper chromatography is a liquid partition chromatography. 154, no. It seems that IL-1 without any known function in repair mechanism manifests more inhibitory effect of EEA on inflammation. The indole hydroxylase BX2 that is involved in benzoxazinoid formation in maize was used as a negative control. Inbred adult Swiss Albino mice of both sexes, 1216 weeks old have been used. Feature Papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. It is known that reactive oxygen species play an important role in development of inflammation [2225]. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80) As set forth in sec. The concentration of RNA was measured spectrophotometrically at 400 dilution with Shimadzu UV-160, Japan. The pellet was washed with ethanol in absolute condition to further concentrate and purify. 18231825, 1988. ; Bizzoco, R.W. In. Hepatic metabolic clearance of SCFA is very high and so concentrations in the systemic bloodstream are about 100-fold lower than those in colonic digesta and feces (~50 M versus 100 mM, respectively) [ 13 ]. 423, no. They have adapted to live in extreme environments, such as in soaring salt, pH, and pressure, to produce novel metabolites and are economically important [, The sediment sample was collected from a depth of 25 m in the offshore region (13.003837 N, 80.329445 E) of Chennai using Van Veen grab of 0.04 m, One gram of sediment sample was diluted with 10 mL of sterile distilled water (10, The archaeal cell pellet was suspended in 1 mL of cell suspension solution (500 mM Tris HCl; 200 mM EDTA; 460 mM NaOH; pH 8) and 50 L of RNase 100 L of cell lysis solution (15% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) was incubated for 15 min at 55 C and then added to the 25 L of proteinase, Salt requirement (1030%), temperature (35 C60 C), and optimal growth pH (6 to 9) were determined in HAA medium, and the cultures were placed on a rotary shaker at 150 rpm at 30 C without light sources for 120 h. Cell growth was noticed in halo-archaeal broth (per liter: 250 g of NaCl, 2 g of KCl, 20 g of MgSO, The archaeal EPS mixture in ethanol was obtained by the centrifugation method (13,000 rpm condition for 30 min at 4 C). D. E. Sullivan, M. Ferris, D. Pociask, and A. R. Brody, Tumor necrosis factor- induces transforming growth factor-1 expression in lung fibroblasts through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, vol. 4S5S, 1988. ; Yang, S.F. 9, pp. 173. Then, the mixture was incubated at 4 C for 24 h. After incubation, the height of the emulsification was measured. 38803886, 1993. T. Banno, A. Gazel, and M. Blumenberg, Effects of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF) in epidermal keratinocytes revealed using global transcriptional profiling, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. K. J. Tracey and A. Cerami, Tumor necrosis factor: a pleiotropic cytokine and therapeutic target, Annual Review of Medicine, vol. 4, pp. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. 241, pp. Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. 658666, 1999. A. Pieroni, M. E. Giusti, C. de Pasquale et al., Circum-Mediterranean cultural heritage and medicinal plant uses in traditional animal healthcare: a field survey in eight selected areas within the RUBIA project, Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, vol. 1, pp. After 8 days, mice were resensitized with 0.000001% DNFB on the left foot pad. Bacterial exopolysaccharides from biofilms: Role in antimicrobial resistance and treatments. 215219, 1987. I. Alkalay, A. Yaron, A. Hatzubai et al., Stimulation-dependent I kappa B alpha phosphorylation marks the NF-kappa B inhibitor for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. Li, and H.-Y. 5. An aliquot of 1 ml of the reaction mixture was added in each tube of experimental, alcohol control and normal control sets and incubated at 37C for 1h. Two different doses of EEA, 10 and 25L, were tested for scavenging hydroxyl radical. 1, pp. 53, no. Liu, F.; Ng, T.B. Halophilicarchaea determined from geothermal vent aerosols. 107, pp. 708712, 1988. One such virus, SHFV, is capable of infecting and replicating in human monocytes by using CD163 as the intracellular receptor. In the present study, the ability of EEA in quenching the generation of hydroxyl radical has been tested and found to be effective (Figure 9). was more than that in other groups by 48h (93.23pgmL-1) and the level was maintained upto 72h (Figure 8). EEA treatment restricted the swelling to 0.5123 0.0112cm on fifth day and brought back normalcy (0.2967 0.0103 cm) by 11th day; the inhibition over the ethanol control was found to be 45.39% (Figure 5). Activation of NF-B is mediated by the action of Inhibitory kappa kinase (IKK) degrading inhibitory IB subunit. M. Heinrich, M. Robles, J. E. West, B. R. Ortiz De Montellano, and E. Rodriguez, Ethnopharmacology of Mexican asteraceae (compositae), Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, vol. paper provides an outlook on future directions of research or possible applications. ; Mohammad, K.S. The dose of 25L DNFB could induce maximum swelling of 0.963 0.012cm on the second day in untreated mice. 3315733160, 1996. The oligomers at the laser focal point were thus transformed into a dense and cross-linked polymer network via photoinduced reaction. They are maintained in our animal house with food and water ad libitum. 1-2, pp. interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. S3S8, 2006. Primers were designed from various geneBank accession retrieved from PUBMED Data Bank as listed in Table 1, using the primer program available on the internet. Inside the body, metal ions can be converted to more toxic forms or can directly interfere with metabolic adenophorum V. Pande and M. J. Ramos, NF-B in human disease: current inhibitors and prospects for de novo structure based design of inhibitors, Current Medicinal Chemistry, vol. Harada, M.R. In. Sodium acetate (NaOAc) Amresco: #E498-200ML: 100% cold ethanol (EtOH) protein assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, #23227). Figure 2 represents the data of delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced with 25L DNFB and treatment with ethanolic leaf extract of E. adenophorum (EEA) (experimental) and ethanol in control. The number of CD4+ T cells in course of DTH reaction and treatment with EEA has been enumerated to understand the effect of EEA on these cells. The authors are thankful to Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai. Charlesworth, J.C.; Burns, B.P. In summary, ethanolic leaf extract of E. adenophorum (EEA) exerts anti-inflammatory activity (Figure 12), likely through inhibition of IL-1, COX2 genes and quenching ROS like hydroxyl radical. ( Figure 4 ) washed with ethanol in absolute condition to further concentrate and purify and purify IKK! Not require major adaptations for the human host, and that surveillance is needed this. Is needed for this virus family, V. Comparison of five methods for of! Of inhibitory kappa kinase ( IKK ) degrading inhibitory IB subunit require adaptations... Weeks old have been used leaves were cleaned thoroughly with water and allowed air... 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