[114], The Shia suffered indirect and direct persecution under post-colonial Iraqi governments since 1932, erupting into full-scale rebellions in 1935 and 1936. An estimated 10,000 to 40,000 Syrians, mostly civilians, were killed by Syrian military in the city. Among those blaming the US invasion of Iraq are Fawaz Gerges, who writes in his book ISIS: A History, By destroying state institutions and establishing a sectarian-based political system, the 2003 US-led invasion polarized the country along Sunni-Shia lines and set the stage for a fierce, prolonged struggle driven by identity politics. Taliban commander and governor Mullah Niazi banned prayer at Shia mosques[221] and expressed takfir of the Shia in a declaration from Mazar's central mosque: Last year you rebelled against us and killed us. In contrast, most Shia were largely unaffected as their center was not in Iran at this time. The word Shia in Arabic means a group or supportive party of people. On the other hand, the Ismaili dawah ("missionary institution") sent missionaries (dut, sg. [128] An al-Qaeda-affiliated website posted a call for "a full-scale war on Shiites all over Iraq, whenever and wherever they are found. The change in. These five practices are essential to Sunni and Shia Muslims. With more and more people opting for more intimate weddings what would you prefer? jasminefares Hamilton, Ontario In Egypt the Fatimid government ruled.[64]. [30], Shias and the followers of the Sunni Maliki school hold their hands at their sides during prayer; Sunnis of other schools cross their arms (right over left) and clasp their hands;[38] it is commonly held by Sunni scholars especially of Maliki school that either is acceptable. Nevertheless, apart from this domination there existed, firstly, throughout these nine centuries, Shia inclinations among many Sunnis of this land and, secondly, Twelver and Zaidi Shiism had prevalence in some parts of Iran. [29], Shias are about 5-to-10 percent of the entire Muslim world. Religion: Islam. [233] In general, the Muslim community can be categorized in terms of two orientations: "modernists," who closely adhere to orthodox theology while embracing modern learning; and "traditionalists," who tend to follow the interpretations of local religious leaders (predominantly in Java) and religious teachers at Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). They ended their vlog explaining how they wouldnt just not have a wedding and do nothing after that. The anti-Shia Afghan Taliban regime helped anti-Shia Pakistani groups and vice versa. The beautiful couple planned a lush honeymoon and they also bought a house! This campaign forced most of the Shiites to disperse, with some fleeing south to Jabal Amel and some to the Bekaa, while a very small portion of them took on the practice of Taqiyya until the Ottomans came in 1517. The Sunnis became more of a secular and conservative group, whereas the Shiites remained more traditional and orthodox. Fourth, through the scholars of Jabal Amel residing in that region, or in Iraq, during the 16th and 17th centuries who later migrated to Iran.[63]. Almost 90% of Pakistan's Muslim population is Sunni, with 10% being Shia, but this Shia minority forms the second largest Shia population of any country,[206] larger than the Shia majority in Iraq. In addition, they consider the sayings of Ahl al-Bayt that are not attributed directly to Muhammad as hadiths. Shia jurisprudence books were banned, the traditional annual Shia mourning procession of Ashura was discouraged, and operating independent Islamic religious establishments remained illegal. [225] According to Wikileaks, "Saudi cables" released in 2015 "reveal concern" about "Iran-driven Shiite expansion from Mali, Mauritania, Burkina Faso and Nigeria" to Shia Islam has taken place in Nigeria since the Iranian Revolution. A psychology graduate in my former life now enjoying being a stay-at-home mum. Under Hafez al-Assad, Alawites dominated the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, a secular Arab nationalist party which had ruled Syria under a state of emergency from 1963 to 2011. If you go up we will pull you down by your feet; if you hide below, we will pull you up by your hair. An episode of a satirical Saudi TV series highlighting mixed Sunni-Shia families has sparked wide debate about the issue on social media, writes the BBC's Nesrine Kamal. How much of the conflict was sparked by Sunni versus Shia divisions and how much by Islamism versus secular-Arab-nationalism, is in question, but according to scholar Vali Nasr the failure of the Ayatollah Khomeini and the Islamic Republic of Iran to support the Muslim Brotherhood against the Baathists "earned [Khomeini] the Brotherhood's lasting contempt." Both Sunni and Shia women wear the hijab. [66] [193] Eight other Shia were injured. In Indonesia, in 2015, Sunni clerics denounced the Shia as "heretics", and the mayor of Bogor proposed banning the Shia Ashura holy day. Article by Sayyid 'Ali ibn 'Ali al-Zaidi. [88], Another example of unity was a fatw issued by the rector of Al-Azhar University, Mahmud Shaltut, recognizing Shia Islamic law as the fifth school of Islamic law. [202], The small Persian Gulf island state of Bahrain has a Shia majority but is ruled by Sunni Al Khalifa family as a constitutional monarchy, with Sunni dominating the ruling class and military and disproportionately represented in the business and landownership. Where do you live? Among the explanations for the increase are conspiracies by outside forces to divide Muslims,[93][94] the recent Islamic revival and increased religious purity and consequent takfir,[95][96] upheaval, destruction and loss of power of Sunni caused by the US invasion of Iraq, and sectarianism generated by Arab regimes defending themselves against the mass uprisings of the Arab Spring. According to scholar Vali Nasr, as the Muslim world was decolonialised and Arab nationalism lost its appeal, fundamentalism blossomed and reasserted the differences and conflicts between the two movements, particularly in the strict teachings of Sunni scholar Ibn Taymiyyah. [146], Members of Sunni groups in Iran however have been active in what the authorities describe as terrorist activities. She now makes regular videos on YouTube with her husband 'Dawoud Harb'. This has been the case in Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Syria. I answered some of your most commonly asked questions while getting ready! [175], A large fraction of the foreign Sunni extremists who have entered Iraq to fight against Shia and the American occupation are thought to be Saudis. Read about our approach to external linking. With the eruption of the Syrian Civil War, tensions increased between the Shia-affiliated Alawites and Sunnis of Tripoli, erupting twice into deadly violencein June 2011, and the second time in February 2012. ShiaSunni relations can be traced back to a dispute over the succession to the Islamic prophet Muhammad as a caliph of the Islamic community. Further exacerbating the situation was the dislike between Shia leader Imam Khomeini and General Zia ul-Haq. According to most sources, including the CIA's World Factbook, the majority of Iraqis are Shia Arab Muslims (60%), and Sunni muslims represent between 37% of the population. Finally, his efforts and contacting with scholars such as Mahmud Shaltut and Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi led to the founding of Dar-al-Taghrib (community for reforming unity between Sunni and Shia Muslims). [108] "Even Afghan Shia refugees in Iran", driven from Afghanistan by Sunni extremism, have "reportedly been recruited by Tehran for the war in Syria". Contrary to popular rhetoric, our interviews of 50 young Muslim adults show that many . [124] Sunni insurgent organizations include Ansar al-Islam. But here in the United States, members of the two major branches of Islam . Shia in India faced persecution by some Sunni rulers and Mughal Emperors which resulted in the killings of Shia scholars like Qazi Nurullah Shustari[77] (also known as Shaheed-e-Thaalis, the third Martyr) and Mirza Muhammad Kamil Dehlavi[78] (also known as Shaheed-e- Rabay, the fourth Martyr) who are two of the five martyrs of Shia Islam. [72], The Sack of Shamakhi took place on 18 August 1721, when 15,000 Sunni Lezgins, of the Safavid Empire, attacked the capital of Shirvan province, Shamakhi (in present-day Azerbaijan Republic),[73][74] massacred between 4,000 and 5,000 of its Shia population and ransacked the city. [250][251] The United Nations has held ISIS responsible for human rights abuses and war crimes, and Amnesty International has reported ethnic cleansing by the group on a "historic scale", including attacks on Shia Muslims. She began posting travel vlogs to her self-titled YouTube channel in February 2017. Around 10% of Afghanistan, less than 5% of the Muslims in Nigeria, and around 5% of population of Tajikistan are Shia. [79] Shias are estimated to be 10-15% of the Muslim population in India and Pakistan and less than 1% of Muslim population in Bangladesh, although the total number is difficult to estimate due to the intermingling between the two groups and practice of taqiyya by Shia. Balochi Sunni Abdolmalek Rigi continue to declare the Shia as Kafir and Mushrik. Some Shia have complained of mistreatment in countries dominated by Sunnis, especially in Saudi Arabia,[81] while some Sunnis have complained of discrimination in the Twelver-dominated states of Iraq and Iran. "[165], Government policy has been to allow Shia their own mosques and to exempt Shia from Hanbali inheritance practices. FamousBirthdays.com - use subject to the practices disclosed in our privacy policy. The British colonial rule ended after the Sunni and Shia united against it. Of course, it cannot be denied that Iran's environment was more favourable to the flourishing of the Shi'ism as compared to all other parts of the Muslim world. 0. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni [108] Rebel groups with 10,000s of Sunni Syrian fighters such as Ahrar ash-Sham, the Islamic Front, and al-Qaeda's al-Nusra Front, employ anti-Shia rhetoric and foreign Arab and Western Sunni fighters have joined the rebels. Unsavoury allies", "The New York Times - Breaking News, US News, World News and Videos", "Naharnet Lebanon's leading news destination", "Talking Politics Dr. Mohammed Sayed Tantawi Sheikh Al-Azhar", "Opinions and Fatwas of Muslim Scholar About proximity", Don't Fear the Shiites: The Idea of a Teheran-Controlled "Shiite Crescent" over the Greater Middle East is at Odds with Reality, Here Are Some of the Day-To-Day Differences Between Sunnis and Shiites, Opposing the Imam: The Legacy of the Nawasib in Islamic Literature, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ShiaSunni_relations&oldid=1142774190, Sheikh Abd al-Majid Salim, in a letter that was sent to Ayatollah Borujerdi by Sheikh Abd al-Majid Salim, was written: "The first thing that becomes obligatory to scholars, Shia or Sunni, is removing dissension from the minds of Muslims.". On her account, she can be seen sporting clothing, makeup and accessories from companies like Hijabi Mama, The Date Palm and Culture. Several local Shia dynasties like the Marashi and Sarbadars were established during this time. [23] Sources put the numbers of Shias in Yemen at 25-30%. Wherever you go, we will catch you. Of these some 5% are Shia, the rest are Sunni. [192], Muslims in Yemen include the majority Shafi'i (Sunni) and the minority Zaidi (Shia). ), Shia sources further claim that by the orders of the tenth Abbasid caliph, al-Mutawakkil, the tomb of the third Imam, Hussein ibn Ali in Karbala, was completely demolished,[54] and Shias were sometimes beheaded in groups, buried alive, or even placed alive within the walls of government buildings still under construction. [83] Millions of Saudi adhere to the school of Salafism which is a branch of Sunni Islam. [80], In addition to Iran, Iraq has emerged as a major Shia government when the Twelvers achieved political dominance in 2005 under American occupation. Manzoor Nomani, a senior Indian cleric with close ties to Saudi Arabia published a book entitled Iranian Revolution: Imam Khomeini and Shiism. Introduction. *SHE FREAKED OUT* 258,911 views 1 year ago Popular. Malise Ruthven writes that the post invasion de-Ba'athification by the US occupiers deprived Iraq of "the officer class and administrative cadres that had ruled under Saddam Hussein, leaving the field to sectarian-based militias". In recent years, claims that multiculturalism has created segregated communities, encouraged terrorism, and failed to foster shared national identities in western nations have gained popularity. There are many intermarriages between Shia and Sunnis in Pakistan. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni. Preaching against the Shia in Pakistan was cleric Israr Ahmed. According to Shia rights watch, in 2014 ISIS forces killed over 1,700 Shia civilians at Camp Speicher in Tikrit Iraq, and 670 Shia prisoners at the detention facility on the outskirts of Mosul. Sunni-Shia Harmony. While the main responsibility of Sunni Caliphs was to maintain law and order in the Muslim realm, as descendants of the Prophet, Shia Imams (spiritual leaders) also provided religious guidance and were considered infallible. [241], In Europe Shia-Sunni acrimony is part of life for tens of millions of European Muslims. [82], Some tension developed between Sunnis and Shia as a result of clashes over Iranian pilgrims and Saudi police at the hajj. . [125] Radical groups include Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad, Jeish Muhammad, and Black Banner Organization.[126]. After the Mongols and the fall of the Abbasids, the Sunni Ulama suffered greatly. [64], On 21 April 1802, about 12,000 Wahhabi Sunnis under the command of Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, the second ruler of the First Saudi State attacked and sacked Karbala, killed between 2,000 and 5,000 inhabitants and plundered the tomb of Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of Prophet Muhammad and son of Ali ibn Abi Talib,[71]:74 and destroyed its dome, seizing a large quantity of spoils, including gold, Persian carpets, money, pearls, and guns that had accumulated in the tomb, most of them donations. Takfir motivation for many of these killings may come from Sunni insurgent leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. They began attending weddings while planning theirs and quickly realised how people are never satisfied. Before his death Zarqawi was one to quote Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, especially his infamous statement urging followers to kill the Shia of Iraq,[127] and calling the Shias "snakes". [108], Olivier Roy, research director at the French National Centre for Scientific Research, sees the "Shia awakening and its instrumentalisation by Iran" as leading to a "very violent Sunni reaction", starting first in Pakistan before spreading to "the rest of the Muslim world, without necessarily being as violent." During this period, the Shia in Iran were nourished from Kufa, Baghdad and later from Najaf and Al Hillah. It proved to the satisfaction of the Brotherhood that sectarian loyalty trumped Islamist solidarity for Khomeini and eliminated whatever appeal Khomeini might have had to the MB movement as a pan-Islamic leader. This group was called Shia Ali, or Party of Ali, from which comes the word Shia. History records 10 such Taarajs also known as Taraj-e-Shia between the 15th and 19th centuries in 1548, 1585, 1635, 1686, 1719, 1741, 1762, 1801, 1830, 1872 during which the Shia habitations were plundered, people slaughtered, libraries burnt and their sacred sites desecrated.[76]. One of these was Muhammad Ibn Makki, called Shahid-i Awwal (the First Martyr), one of the great figures in Shia jurisprudence, who was killed in Damascus in 1384. Although Muslims in the UK have been part of a united community with a shared experience of immigration, the relationship between these groups has recently been in the spotlight in Britain too. Bahrain's 2002 election was widely boycotted by Shia. [214], ShiaSunni strife in Pakistan is strongly intertwined with that in Afghanistan. From the Iranian Revolution to 2015, Shia groups in Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, supported by Iran have recently won "important political victories" which have boosted Iran's regional influence. For Shias, Ashura is a day of mourning which commemorates the martyrdom of the Imam al-Husayn. Even so, by the thirteenth to fourtheenth century, Sunni and Shiite practices remained highly intertwined and figures today commonly associated with Shia Islam, such as Ali and Jafar al-Sadiq, played an almost universal role for Muslim believers to understand the unseen (Al-Ghaib).[51]. Saddam's invasion of Iran in 1980 was billed as an Arab war against Persians - and was bankrolled by the Arab and Sunni Gulf states. These clashes revolved around the public cursing of the first three caliphs by Shias and the praising of them by Sunnis. A mum blessed with 4 wonderful, super naughty children.
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