does ocean acidification cause coral bleaching
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Many human activities release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. )-499.6 (Dunne)-284.6 (RP,)-284.6 (Brown)-284.6 (BE)-284.6 (\(2001\))-284.6 (The)-284.6 (in\337uence)-284.6 (of)-284.6 (solar)-284.6 (radiation)-284.6 (on)-284.6 (bleaching)-284.6 (of)-284.6 (shallow)]TJ )]TJ [(control)-278 (by)-278 (carbonate)-278 (chemistry.
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21.5608 0 Td )]TJ T* <>stream Rising (or even falling) water temperatures can stress coral polyps, causing them to lose algae (or zooxanthellae) that live in the polpys’ tissues. 1.4034 TL /Im0 Do [(35.
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Coral bleaching and ocean acidification are two climate-related impacts to coral reefs. )]TJ <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[9 9 603 792]/Type/Page>> This results in “coral bleaching,” so called because the algae give coral their color and when the algae “jump ship,” the coral turns completely white. /T1_1 1 Tf Nongovernmental sources include the Coral Reef Alliance has a list of experts and publications. [(J)-278 (Exp)-278 (Mar)-278 (Biol)-277.9 (Ecol)]TJ -1.8897 -1.4034 Td [(and)-190.4 (growth)-190.4 (characteristics)-190.4 (in)-190.4 (contrasting)-190.4 (light)-190.4 (microhabitats:)-190.4 (An)-190.4 (analogue)-190.4 (to)-190.4 (plants)-190.4 (in)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf -6.7023 -1.4034 Td XPP )Tj )]TJ (Proc)Tj 4.5 0 0 4.5 430.9662 651.4062 Tm A note on pH: Journalists who cover ocean acidification should note that pH is measured on a logarithmic scale, meaning that a pH on 3 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 4, which is ten times more acidic that a pH of 5. [(23.
[(2)9 (5)9 (. 1.8897 -1.4034 Td 0 Tc 1.8897 -1.3333 Td
)]TJ Reefbase is a good resource with access to country coral reef statistics along with relevant publications. )-499.6 (Enr\222quez)-255.2 (S,)-255.2 (Mendez)-255.2 (ER,)-255.2 (Iglesias-Prieto)-255.2 (R)-255.2 (\(2005\))-255.2 (Multiple)-255.2 (scattering)-255.2 (on)-255.2 (coral)-255.2 (skeletons)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf /T1_0 1 Tf 126 0 obj [(20. [(32.
As the oceans become more acidic (less alkaline) there is less calcium carbonate available in the water and when this happens, the calcium carbonate in marine organisms can dissolve. )-499.6 (Spencer-Davies)-314.4 (P)-314.4 (\(1989\))-314.4 (Short-term)-314.5 (growth)-314.4 (measurements)-314.4 (of)-314.4 (coral)-314.4 (growth)-314.4 (using)-314.4 (an)]TJ
Ocean acidification is just one more threat to the success of hard corals. 0 Tc -20.0104 -1.3333 Td )Tj [(45. However, global greenhouse gas emissions have risen steadily in recent years. In order for a coral reef to grow, it must produce limestone (or calcium carbonate) at a rate that is faster than the reef is being eroded. [(\(2004\))-322.5 (Structure-)-322.5 (and)-322.5 (function-based)-322.5 (characterization)-322.5 (of)-322.5 (a)-322.5 (new)-322.5 (phos-)]TJ 58 0 obj -26.9594 -1.4034 Td 56 0 obj 1.8897 -1.3333 Td Many commercial fish species such as snappers and groupers live and breed among coral reefs, so they are threatened by bleaching. (430:741. 3.7231 0 Td 2.702 0 Td (Science)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf [(46:25\320)-119.8 (64. /T1_3 1 Tf
)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf /GS1 gs <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[9 9 603 792]/Type/Page>> 23.6218 0 Td -22.6191 -1.3333 Td <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[9 9 603 792]/Type/Page>> [(40. )-499.6 (Baker)-405.3 (A,)-405.3 (Starger)-405.3 (CJ,)-405.3 (McClanahan)-405.3 (T,)-405.3 (Glynn)-405.3 (PW)-405.4 (\(2004\))-405.3 (Corals\325)-405.3 (adaptive)-405.3 (response)-405.3 (to)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 2.4586 0 Td /T1_0 1 Tf 2020-11-06T15:00:40-08:00 )]TJ © 2020 Earth Journalism Network All rights reserved. Warming ocean temperatures are contributing to coral bleaching and making them more susceptible to diseases. 3.5011 0 Td By reducing the calcification rates of corals, ocean acidification will, in turn, cause coral bleaching. 3.9451 0 Td )-499.6 (Dickson)-424.8 (AG,)-424.7 (Afghan)-424.8 (JD,)-424.7 (Anderson)-424.8 (GC)-424.8 (\(2003\))-424.7 (Reference)-424.8 (materials)-424.7 (for)-424.7 (oceanic)-424.7 (CO)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf Acidity is measured using the pH scale which runs from 0 (fully acid) through 7 (neutral) to 14 (fully alkaline). /GS1 gs -34.0667 -1.4034 Td /T1_0 1 Tf 5.5022 0 Td The researchers suggest that this is because Cyclone Anacelle produced wet and cloudy unsettled weather during February 1998. 15.0026 0 Td [(CDIAC-105. In Mauritius, however, the bleaching affected under ten percent of the reefs. dc:description /T1_1 1 Tf 0.009 Tc -31.0136 -1.3333 Td
T* Ocean acidification causes bleaching and productivity loss in coral reef builders K. R. N. Anthony1, D. I. Kline, G. Diaz-Pulido, S. Dove, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg Centre for Marine Studies and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072 Queensland, Australia Both coral bleaching and ocean acidification pose threats to human food supplies. (85:721\320729. /T1_0 1 Tf (50:1025\3201032. )-499.6 (Maxwell)-312.5 (DP,)-312.5 (Falk)-312.5 (S,)-312.5 (Huner)-312.5 (NPA)-312.5 (\(1995\))-312.5 (Photosystem)-312.6 (II)-312.5 (excitation)-312.5 (pressure)-312.5 (and)-312.5 (devel-)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf )]TJ 7.6133 0 Td [(concentrating)-476.4 (mechanism)-476.4 (in)-476.4 (the)-476.4 (symbiotic)-476.4 (dino\337agellate)]TJ 4.5 0 0 4.5 195.6839 631.6335 Tm -34.2608 -1.3333 Td [(70:5814)-119.8 (\3205830. 2008-11-06T11:16:12Z 9.0021 0 Td 14.8927 0 Td
-36.8726 -1.3333 Td
-11.725 -1.4034 Td This extreme bleaching followed a very strong El Niño event that contributed to the high sea temperatures. [(41. )]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf )Tj )]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 2.5969 0 Td 9.75 0 0 6.5 75.7468 39.8835 Tm (10.1073)Tj (\002)Tj )-499.6 (Gattuso)-342.4 (JP,)-342.3 (Allemand)-342.4 (D,)-342.3 (Frankignoulle)-342.4 (M)-342.4 (\(1999\))-342.4 (Photosynthesis)-342.4 (and)-342.4 (calci\336cation)-342.4 (at)]TJ -29.8966 -1.4034 Td /T1_0 1 Tf (calcites. -35.5855 -1.3333 Td (sp. -1.8897 -1.3333 Td 5.5022 0 Td application/pdf ET 0 -1.4034 TD
12.5034 0 Td 6 0 0 6 326.1761 576.3722 Tm /T1_1 1 Tf [(Roy)-278 (Soc)-278 (B)]TJ 12.04 0 Td However, global greenhouse gas emissions have risen steadily in recent years. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[9 9 603 792]/Type/Page>> )]TJ (17446)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf [(101:389)-119.8 (\320395. 1.8897 -1.3333 Td )]TJ BBC News – What is Ocean AcidificationIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – ocean acidification, Ocean Portal by the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, International Union for Conservation of Nature on Ocean AcidificationUS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) – fact sheet on ocean acidification[pdf], International Coral Reef InitiativeRoyal Society – Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide [pdf], By visiting EJN's site, you agree to the use of cookies, which are designed to improve your experience and are used for the purpose of analytics and personalization. /T1_2 1 Tf 8.2793 0 Td Effects of Ocean Acidification on Corals A 20 percent increase above current carbon dioxide levels, which could occur within the next two decades, could significantly reduce the ability of corals to build their skeletons and some could become functionally extinct within this timeframe. )-530.3 (Limnol)-530.3 (Oceanogr)]TJ q
50 0 obj REPORTING TIPS /T1_1 1 Tf -6.6117 -1.3333 Td )]TJ [(ing)-278 (using)-278 (a)-278 (colour)-278 (reference)-278 (card. [-0.3 (\002)]TJ [(accurate)-278 (buoyant)-278 (weighing)-278 (technique. Greenhouse gas emissions are the main cause of ocean acidification and the increases in sea temperature that cause coral bleaching.
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[-0.1 (\002)]TJ )-499.6 (Intergovernmental)-317.7 (Panel)-317.7 (on)-317.7 (Climate)-317.7 (Change)-317.7 (\(2007\))]TJ (2)Tj [(turbulent,)-278 (alkaline)-278 (waters. 6.5 0 0 6.5 83.9114 39.8835 Tm 1 0 obj -14.3931 -1.3333 Td )Tj 20.0104 0 Td )-499.6 (Reynaud)-200.8 (S,)]TJ 4.722 0 Td [(on)-282.2 (epilithic)-282.2 (and)]TJ [(39. 10.6143 0 Td -19.0613 -1.3333 Td /T1_1 1 Tf 1.8897 -1.4034 Td [(22. <>stream 14.2815 0 Td /T1_0 1 Tf /T1_1 1 Tf 0 g /T1_0 1 Tf )Tj
[(Geochim)-278 (Cosmochim)-278 (Acta)]TJ 0.01379 Tc 1.8897 -1.3333 Td )]TJ -23.2843 -1.4034 Td dc:creator While a bleached coral is not dead, and corals can survive bleaching events, they are under greater stress, are less resistant to other threats such as disease, and are thus subject to mortality.
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