Representing the landed aristocracy, Lords Temporal were generally Tory (later Conservative) who wanted to maintain the status quo and resisted progressive measures such as extending the franchise. He or she is the leader of the party that wins the most seats at a general election. "[50], In 1905 the position was given some official recognition when the "prime minister" was named in the order of precedence, outranked, among non-royals, only by the archbishops of Canterbury and York, the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland and the Lord Chancellor.[51]. [note 8] Throughout the 19th century, governments led from the Lords had often suffered difficulties governing alongside ministers who sat in the Commons.[75]. Benjamin Disraeli and William Ewart Gladstone developed this new role further by projecting "images" of themselves to the public.

Nevertheless, it was not until the 1830s that the constitutional convention was established that the Sovereign must select the prime minister (and Cabinet) from the party whose views reflect those of the majority in Parliament. The title "Prime Minister" (e.g. Unusually, he became Earl of Stockton only in 1984, over twenty years after leaving office. However, in 1708, when the Whigs obtained a majority, Anne did not call on them to form a government, refusing to accept the idea that politicians could force themselves on her merely because their party had a majority. The Prime Minister heads the Government and appoints Ministers, who head individual Government departments. As leader of the House of Commons, the prime minister's authority was further enhanced by the Parliament Act 1911 which marginalised the influence of the House of Lords in the law-making process. [8] In the House of Commons, the prime minister guides the law-making process with the goal of enacting the legislative agenda of their political party. As the actual Head of Government, the prime minister selects the Cabinet, choosing its members from among those in Parliament who agree or generally agree with his or her intended policies. However, in modern times, much of the process is informally governed by constitutional conventions and authoritative sources, particularly the Cabinet Manual. Under this form of government, called the Westminster system, the Sovereign is head of state and titular head of Her Majesty's Government.

Although George I (1714–1727) attended Cabinet meetings at first, after 1717 he withdrew because he did not speak fluent English and was bored with the discussions. [37] Second, recognising that power had shifted to the Commons, he conducted the nation's business there and made it dominant over the Lords in all matters. When the general election of 2010 produced a hung parliament, the Conservative and Liberal Democrat parties agreed to form the Cameron–Clegg coalition, the first coalition in seventy years. After the successful Conservative campaign of 1841, J. W. Croker said in a letter to Peel, "The elections are wonderful, and the curiosity is that all turns on the name of Sir Robert Peel. Publicised nationwide, Gladstone's message became that of the party. Prior to 1902, the prime minister sometimes came from the House of Lords, provided that his government could form a majority in the Commons.

", Minney, p. 216. The term "Cabinet" first appears after the Revolutionary Settlement to describe those ministers who conferred privately with the sovereign. "Leadership styles of prime ministers: How individual differences affect the foreign policymaking process. This principle states that the decisions made by any one Cabinet member become the responsibility of the entire Cabinet. A prime minister selects, reassigns and removes cabinet ministers, and prime ministers select upper house members, top civil servants, ambassadors and judges. The Tories were in power for almost 50 years, except for a Whig ministry from 1806 to 1807.

Former Prime Minister Tony Blair, for example, represented Sedgefield in County Durham from 1983 to 2007. Increasingly during the 20th century, the office and role of Prime Minister featured in statute law and official documents; however, the prime minister's powers and relationships with other institutions still largely continue to derive from ancient royal prerogatives and historic and modern constitutional conventions.

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