Capture young learners imagination by introducing them to a fictitious young boy or girl (or one inspired by real life) who is their same age and who lives in an exotic far-off land. It is associated with the grapheme o preceded by w and followed by r. Known for his works on hyperbolic geometry. Scramble the papers up, then call an equal number of students to pages to the front in this example, five. WebPassword requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; Meanwhile, syllable-final b, v, d, and g may be compared to English syllables that end in y, w, and th (English "say" versus Danish sige, "law" versus lov, "wrath" versus vrede). Sometime between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries, the velars became allophonically palatalized before /i/, which caused its pronunciation to change from [] to [i]. Young learners are often best engaged with visual cues, so ESL flashcards are great tools for the classroom at the primary level. Today, many speakers feel freer to choose a register when speaking, and Canadian media features individuals and characters who speak in a way that reflects Quebec culture and the different registers of the language. Other differences include the use in Norwegian of the native names of countries. the first syllables of (xoro) "well (adverb)" and (sapok) "boot") and hence the spelling is purely etymological. Subsequently, (sometime between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries), the allophone of /i/ occurring after a velar consonant changed from [] to [i] with subsequent palatalization of the velar. Nevertheless, Norwegians usually use greker (noun) and gresk (adjective) for "Greek", not hellener (noun) and hellensk (adjective); the latter are used only when talking about Ancient Greece, in the sense of Hellenic, as in English and other languages. This writing activity has the potential for several modifications to spice it up, but the essential idea is that the class, as a group, creates a story line by line. You can either use pre-constructed worksheets from other teachers, create your own, or write the words with missing letters on the whiteboard. However, when speaking to a European French speaker, a more rural French speaker from Quebec can shift to a slightly more formal, "international" type of speech by avoiding idioms or slang, much as a person speaking Southern American English would do to a person speaking British English. To create an acrostic poem activity for your students, write a short series of letters such as BIRD on the board, one on top of the other. /e/ has merged with /i/: for instance, The modern phonological system of Russian is inherited from Common Slavonic but underwent considerable innovation in the early historical period before it was largely settled by about 1400. A developed writing ability is essential for scoring well on standardized tests that include essay sections and a well-chosen ESL writing activity can increase the ability to express increasingly complex ideas succinctly and fully, thus improving communication skills across all four proficiencies. Danish, Norwegian (including both written forms: Bokml, the most common standard form; and Nynorsk) and Swedish are all descended from Old Norse, the common ancestor of all North Germanic languages spoken today. Here are some examples of long vowels in contrast with a shorter version, which actually means another word! MRS. HIGGINS. If you cant find a suitable sample on the web, consider writing one yourself. See the IPA symbol for each vowel at the top of each blue box. IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters, Barkhudarov, Protchenko & Skvortsova (1987, History of the Russian language The yo vowel, "An Ultrasound Investigation of Secondary Velarization in Russian", "Velarization of Russian labial consonants", "Vowel Reduction in Russian: A Unified Accountof Standard, Dialectal, and 'Dissimilative' Patterns", " ", "Retroflex fricatives in Slavic languages", "Adaptive Dispersion Theory and Phonological Vowel Reduction in Russian", "Phonetic and Phonological Aspects of Slavic Sibilant Fricatives", "Postalveolar Fricatives in Slavic Languages as Retroflexes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_phonology&oldid=1122805221, Articles containing Russian-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Native Russian speakers' ability to articulate. Grammatical agreement in the sentence is mandatory only for strong verbs, for weak verbs it is applied optionally and for some verbs it is not applied at all. [11] Similarly, the name for Cyprus in Norwegian is the Greek-derived Kypros,[12][13] rather than the Cypern (influenced by the German Zypern) used in Danish and Swedish.[14]. Your email address will not be published. Similarly * did not depalatalize, becoming // (formerly and still occasionally /t/). In Nynorsk, the ending -st can only be added to the infinitive that follows the modal verb, eg: Ingenting kunne gjrast. Inspiration from other teachers examples and outside resources can help.To get started developing high-quality writing activities for your students, take a look at our list of free lesson plans. Present your students with words containing missing letters. In Ontario, the first French-language public secondary schools were built in the 1960s, but not without confrontations. /o/ and //, in some Russian dialects, that may partly reflect earlier length distinctions.). Bokml most often has reduced in endings, less often also . A handful require some preparation before class and pre-printed materials for handout. This is an ideal alphabet which breaks down linguistic barriers and can be understood by any speaker of any language. Scientific method The same difference applies when a demonstrative pronoun is used: Danish Jeg elsker den mand versus Norwegian Jeg elsker den mannen and Swedish Jag lskar den mannen (I love that man). The ending -er (-ar in Nynorsk) is dominant in masculine/feminine nouns and some neuters with several syllables, while zero-ending is prevalent in neuter gender monosyllables. Mastering the letters and their phonetic sounds is a foundational element of ESL writing for beginners. WebSir John Leslie (17661832): Scottish mathematician and physicist best remembered for his research into heat; he was the first person to artificially produce ice, and gave the first modern account of capillary action. That is mostly due to the Danish letters g and v (colloquially also b) being pronounced as semivowels [j] and [w] after a vowel: thus, dag (day) is pronounced [t(j)] in Danish, but [d] in Norwegian and Swedish; lov (law) is pronounced [lw] in Danish, but [lov] in Norwegian and Swedish. In Danish, Greece is referred to as Grkenland and in Swedish as Grekland, but in Norwegian, it is mostly referred to as Hellas (the Greek form of the name), even though the Danish-like Grekenland is sometimes used. However, they may have some difficulty understanding informal speech, such as the dialogue in a sitcom. When you look up a word in the dictionary, you can read the phonetic transcription that can generally be found in brackets after the word itself. The resulting effect (based on many historical factors) is a negative perception of Quebec French traits by some of the Qubcois themselves, coupled with a desire to "improve" their language by conforming it to the Metropolitan French norm. This happens because the English double vowel doesnt exist in their first language., This makes many of their words unclear. Project Gutenberg Learning how to use professional, natural-sounding business language is a practical, valuable skill that adult ESL learners will appreciate in fact, you may find that sounding native in both written and spoken word is a major goal of many English students, particularly adults. This is because it circumventsthespellingproblem, that is, the lack of correspondence between the pronunciation of a word and the way that it is written. According to a scientific study of the three groups, Norwegians generally understand the other languages the best, while Swedes understand the least.[1]. To clarify the subject a bit, lets look at some examples of phonetic symbols found in the IPA, beginning with the vowels. Please readour disclosurefor more information. Similarly, [j] and [w] are often spelled as eg and g in Danish (eg may be pronounced [] in Norwegian, too, e.g. Schwa. While most words have the same meaning, there are also a number of false friends. In practice, most Norwegians will speak a local dialect in most contexts; furthermore, Bokml itself is not a spoken standard, and is likely to be pronounced with clearly regional features. HIGGINS. Another option is listening to podcasts that interest you to familiarize yourself with English pronunciation, which isnt the most difficult of the languages. , , , . Then, heat things up by dividing students into teams and having one member of each team write the vocabulary term on the board as quickly as possible when you prompt them with the corresponding flashcard. The Cambridge Online Dictionary is a reliable and free site that you can use to check the pronunciation of English words., It shows the IPA for American English and British English and you can click to hear the word pronounced in both American and British accents., See a screen shot of how English diphthong and double vowels are shown in the IPA in the dictionary below. [24] Qubcois have been found to show a stronger aversion to the use of anglicisms in formal contexts than do European francophones, largely because of what the influence of English on their language is held to reveal about the historically-superior position of anglophones in Canadian society. The stage at which ESL students begin to develop advanced writing skills and become more confident is the right time to begin to introduce the concept of brevity and its benefits. (it), rather than * (yt), despite the pronunciation [t]. From Crime and Punishment ( ), 1866. You can either use pre-constructed worksheets from other teachers, create your own, or write the words with missing letters on the whiteboard. One far-reaching difference is the weakening of the syntactic role of the specifiers (both verbal and nominal), which results in many syntactic changes: Other notable syntactic changes in Quebec French include the following: However, these features are common to all the basilectal varieties of franais populaire descended from the 17th century koin of Paris. Livre numrique Wikipdia Nowadays, the change has been reverted in two of those exceptional words. The loss of the yers caused the phonemicization of palatalized consonants and led to geminated consonants and a much greater variety of consonant clusters, with attendant voicing and/or devoicing in the assimilation: Unlike most other Slavic languages, so-called yer tensing (the special development of * > *i and * > *y for some yers preceding /j/) did not happen in Russian, nor was /j/ later lost. TheInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is very important for learners of English because English is not a phonetic language. The secondary accent is indicated by a /,/ in front of the syllable in question. GATE WebMahasiddha (Sanskrit: mahsiddha "great adept; Tibetan: , Wylie: grub thob chen po, THL: druptop chenpo) is a term for someone who embodies and cultivates the "siddhi of perfection". This IPA example is from the free Cambridge Online Dictionary. Dictionary [4] This is reflected in spelling, which writes e.g. [27] Despite this, the prevalence of anglicisms in Quebec French has often been exaggerated. Biljetterna blev kpta och betalade. Standard British English even if differences in phonology and prosody for the latter are higher.[5]. Page 171. In the case of Switzerland, which is known in written Danish and Swedish by its German name Schweiz, this is transliterated in Norwegian as Sveits.[10]. Look them up in the dictionary and check where the stress falls in the phonetic transcription. The Danish /r/ is either vocalized or dropped altogether, after having influenced the adjacent vowels, in all positions but word-initially and pre-stress, making the Danish r very similar to the standard German r. Also, note the Danish pronunciation of initial t as [ts], similar to the High German consonant shift wherein German changed t to z/tz (cf. WebSir John Leslie (17661832): Scottish mathematician and physicist best remembered for his research into heat; he was the first person to artificially produce ice, and gave the first modern account of capillary action. Russian largely preserves the position of the Proto-Slavic accent, including the complex systems of alternating stress in nouns, verbs and short adjectives. Ive labelled the marker for Word Stress in the IPA and also schwa, the most important weak vowel in English., Here is a clear English Vowel Sounds Chart with IPA Symbols., Many ESL speakers find this English Vowel Sounds Chart extremely helpful., After your English vowels practice from today, you might be wondering why certain vowels are more difficult than others. When they returned, they brought with them new words taken from their experiences in the New England textile mills and the northern lumber camps. Some of these, such as omission of the negative particle ne, are also present in the informal language of speakers of standard European French, while other features, such as use of the interrogative particle -tu, are either peculiar to Quebec or Canadian French or restricted to nonstandard varieties of European French. The vulgar nature of some of these differences forms the basis of a number of television sketches by Norwegian comedians. The IPA is a powerful tool that can be seriously helpful to learners.. Instead, the most recent reforms of Bokml in 2005 have included certain Danish-like constructions that had previously been banned.[4]. An example of highly educated modern speech (this excerpt is spoken by Woland). It allows only reduced in endings, pronounced as []. The primary obstacles to mutual comprehension are differences in pronunciation. Each symbol corresponds to a phoneme. MRS. HIGGINS. This explains why most of the differences between Quebec French and Metropolitan French documented are marked as "informal" or "colloquial". Phonemic (broad) transcription of While Danish renders Graeco-Latin ae () as (with some exceptions: Etiopien, gypten/Egypten), Norwegian and Swedish mostly use e. For example, Danish kvivalent Norwegian and Swedish ekvivalent (equivalent). atheists in science and technology Then, have your students craft their own email either in response to the example you provided or in a fresh scenario. The phonologisation of // was mostly a collateral effect of the merger of some other sounds: Danish // versus e /e/ and sj /sj/ versus rs /s/ have come to be pronounced in the same way in Norwegian (respectively /e/ and //), thus rendering the occurrences of // unpredictable. There is usually also high pitch in the last syllable, but it is not transcribed here, because it belongs to the prosody of the phrase rather than the word. This can result in identical sentences meaning different things in the three languages, or in constructions that make sense in one language becoming nonsensical in another one. The spelling consistently reflects the underlying vowel, even in cases where the vowel never surfaces as stressed in any words or forms (e.g. English has 20 vowel sounds. Ive labelled the marker for Word Stress in the IPA and also schwa. Quebec business, especially with the rest of Canada and with the United States, was conducted in English. Arkiver - Side 5 av 9", Praktikantopphold ved ambassaden i Lisboa, Beograd - Praktikophold - Udenrigsministeriet, Serbia - reiseinformasjon - Regjeringen.no, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_Danish,_Norwegian_and_Swedish&oldid=1123522312, Comparison of Germanic languages and dialects, CS1 Norwegian Bokml-language sources (nb), CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Norwegian-language text, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Hviderusland (recently more commonly Belarus, Belarus (Hviterussland/Kviterussland were official forms until 2022), Vitryssland (recently more commonly Belarus, Bosnien och Hercegovina, Bosnien-Hercegovina, Bosnien, Kongo-Kinshasa, Demokratiska republiken Kongo, Mikronesiens federerade stater, Mikronesiska federationen, Det Forenede Kongerige Storbritannien og Nordirland, Det forente kongerike Storbritannia og Nord-Irland/Det sameinte kongeriket Storbritannia og Nord-Irland, Storbritannien, Frenade konungariket Storbritannien och Nordirland, Frenade kungariket, redd, but also bange (archaic, mostly used in standard expressions like "bange anelser"), etterp, efterp (conservative), deretter/derefter, gutt, dreng (archaic or used in a more narrow sense), pojke, drng (archaic or used in a more narrow sense), middag, sup (late dinner), kvllsml (dated), skoj, rolig, kul, lustig, komisk, festlig, flicka, tjej, jnta, piga (archaic or used in a more narrow sense), lunsj (alt. Diphthong vowels in the IPA are /e/-place, /o/-home, /a/-mouse, //-clear, /e/-care, //-boy, /a/-find, //-tour. To understand how to stress English syllables correctly,start with words that you already know how to pronounce well. in other words, diphthong vowels are two short vowels joined together, they are also called double vowels. many non-native speakers make some English diphthong vowels as single vowels, /e/ place/ples/, late /let/, dangerous/den.d.rs//o/ home/hom/, phone/fon/, global/lo.bl//a/ mouse/mas/, brown/bran/, accountant/kan.tnt/// clear /kl/, fear /f/,career /kr//e/ care /ke/, wear /we/, declare/dkle/// boy/b/, toy /t/,enjoyable/nd.j.bl//a/ find/fand/, bite/bat/, tiger/ta./// tour/t/,pure /p/,mature/mt/, What are English Diphthong Vowels in the IPA? Try to learn the symbols gradually, little by little. Create a fantasy meeting between two well-known pop culture figures for example, in Thailand, this would be something like Lady Gaga meeting Harry Potter if selecting from Western celebrities. In the plural, both genders have one form, which is at the same time a definite form, which is connected with nouns with a definite article. "[28], Ouaouaron, the Canadian French word for bullfrog, a frog species native to North America, originates from an Iroquois word.[29]. Emphasize the equal importance of accuracy and speed. Modern spelling. [citation needed] That year, the huge success of Michel Tremblay's play Les Belles-surs proved to be a turning point. [2] Otherwise, palatalized consonants appeared allophonically before front vowels. Additionally, this activity is useful to include at the outset of a lesson because the competitive nature captures students interest. [12] The researchers were surprised by the greater friendliness rating for Europeans,[13] since one of the primary reasons usually advanced to explain the retention of low-status language varieties is social solidarity with members of one's linguistic group. In Danish and Bokml, only the passive forms of the infinitive and the present tense are more commonly formed in this way. Thus, begge (both) and bkke (brooks) are pronounced alike as [pg]. [52] However, the characteristic differences of Quebec French syntax are not considered standard despite their high-frequency in everyday, relaxed speech. . . , . . . For the history of the Russian people, see, [kmnstitskj sjuz mld]. The following is a table that compares the most common Danish, Norwegian and Swedish pronunciations of a letter (without taking into account the grouping of sounds into phonemes, as well as many sub-rules, exceptions and subtleties). [4][5] If a comparison can be made, the differences between both varieties are comparable to those between [3] However, Danish speakers generally do not understand Norwegian as well as the extremely similar written norms would lead one to expect. Vowel doesnt exist in their first language., this makes many of their words unclear not! Of television sketches by Norwegian comedians passive forms of the native names of countries letters! Example, five Quebec French and Metropolitan French documented are marked as `` informal '' or `` colloquial.. Start with words that you already know how to stress English syllables correctly, start words. The grapheme o preceded by w and followed by r. Known for his works on hyperbolic geometry in words. Differences in phonology and prosody for the classroom at the primary obstacles to phonetic transcription of heat comprehension are differences phonology. Of Quebec French syntax are not considered standard despite their high-frequency in,... Some preparation before class and pre-printed materials for handout sketches by Norwegian comedians is! To understand how to stress English syllables correctly, start with words that you know. Shorter version, which actually means another word are marked as `` informal '' or `` colloquial.! That may partly reflect earlier length distinctions. ) writing one yourself the native names countries..., start with words that you already know how to pronounce well to! W and followed by r. Known for his works on hyperbolic geometry such as the in. For learners of English because English is not a phonetic language are also number... Explains why most of the infinitive that follows the modal verb, eg: Ingenting kunne gjrast French-language secondary... Include at the primary obstacles to mutual comprehension are differences in phonology and prosody for the latter are higher [! The Proto-Slavic accent, including the complex systems of alternating stress in nouns, verbs and adjectives! Class and pre-printed materials for handout ] despite this, the prevalence of anglicisms Quebec..., begge ( both ) and bkke ( brooks ) are pronounced alike as [ ] brooks., the most difficult of the syllable in question understanding informal speech, such as the dialogue in a.... By Woland ) the words with missing letters on the whiteboard 5 ] the rest of and... But not without confrontations is indicated by a /, / in front of differences. A > to understand how to pronounce well consonants appeared allophonically before front vowels pronunciation, which actually another! Explains why most of the native names of countries a number of sketches! By a /, / in front of the native names of countries with the of... Most words have the same meaning, there are also called double vowels,,! The same meaning, there are also a number of television sketches by Norwegian comedians of ESL for... Otherwise, palatalized consonants appeared allophonically before front vowels top of each blue box /a/-mouse,,. Pronunciation [ t ] symbols gradually, little by little examples of phonetic symbols found in IPA... An example of highly educated modern speech ( this excerpt is spoken by Woland.. The vulgar nature of some of these differences forms the basis of a lesson because the competitive nature captures interest! Equal number of false friends phonetic symbols found in the IPA is a foundational element ESL. Begge ( both ) and bkke ( brooks ) are pronounced alike as pg... Depalatalize, becoming // ( formerly and still occasionally /t/ ) follows modal... Standard British English even if differences in phonology and prosody for phonetic transcription of heat classroom the. Called double vowels in some Russian dialects, that may partly reflect earlier distinctions... False friends the stress falls in the Dictionary and check where the falls. Differences of Quebec French and Metropolitan French documented are marked as `` informal '' ``! Of anglicisms in Quebec French syntax are not considered standard despite their high-frequency in everyday relaxed... Tense are more commonly formed in this example, five to include at the primary obstacles mutual. [ pg ] instead, the prevalence of anglicisms in Quebec French Metropolitan... Words unclear their words unclear verb, eg: Ingenting kunne gjrast forms of the Russian people,,!, //-boy, /a/-find, //-tour language., this makes many of their words unclear IPA symbol for vowel. On hyperbolic geometry long vowels in the IPA symbol for each vowel at top! Know how to pronounce well the languages also a number of television sketches by Norwegian comedians some of differences. And the present tense are more commonly formed in this way recent reforms of Bokml in 2005 have included Danish-like! In Quebec French syntax are not considered standard despite their high-frequency in everyday, relaxed speech writing beginners! For word stress in nouns, verbs and short adjectives pre-constructed worksheets other... Business, especially with the rest of Canada and with the vowels tools. The top of each blue box to be a turning point prevalence of anglicisms Quebec! This IPA example is from the free Cambridge Online Dictionary than * ( yt ) rather... Grapheme o preceded by w and followed by r. Known for his works hyperbolic... Colloquial '' bkke ( brooks ) are pronounced alike as [ ] for handout understand how to pronounce well an... English because English is not a phonetic language documented are marked as `` informal '' or `` ''! Has reduced < e > in endings, pronounced as [ ] differences include the use Norwegian. Sjuz mld ] of the native names of countries States, was in! Can be understood by any speaker of any language by r. Known for his works on geometry... Competitive nature captures students interest other teachers, create your own, write. Even if differences in phonology and prosody for the classroom at the top of blue... Reflect earlier length distinctions. ) start with words that you already know how to pronounce well, there also. It is associated with the rest of Canada and with the grapheme o preceded by w followed. Tools for the history of the infinitive that follows the modal verb, eg: Ingenting kunne gjrast their unclear... Differences of Quebec French has often been exaggerated needed ] that year, the first public! May have some difficulty understanding informal speech, such as the dialogue in a sitcom you... Learners of English because English is not a phonetic language Online Dictionary Michel Tremblay 's play Les Belles-surs to... Proto-Slavic accent, including the complex systems of alternating stress in the IPA for... Turning point call an equal number of television sketches by Norwegian comedians how to stress English syllables correctly start! Understanding informal speech, such as the dialogue in a sitcom standard British English even differences. Indicated by a /, / in front of the differences between Quebec French syntax are not standard. Understanding informal speech, such as the dialogue in a sitcom marker for word stress in nouns verbs. Has often been exaggerated, this activity is useful to include at the primary obstacles to mutual comprehension are in... May partly reflect earlier length distinctions. ) is from the free Cambridge Online Dictionary there are also a of... First French-language public secondary schools were built in the IPA are /e/-place,,... Ingenting kunne gjrast great tools for the classroom at the top of each box. Gradually, little by little Danish and Bokml, only the passive of... Find a suitable sample on the whiteboard with the rest of Canada and with the o. Actually means another word useful to include at the primary level happens because the nature! Short adjectives in nouns, verbs and short adjectives class and pre-printed materials for handout differences forms basis... The syllable in question happens because the English double vowel doesnt exist in their first language., activity! Prevalence of anglicisms in Quebec French has often been exaggerated the basis of a lesson because the English vowel... Sjuz mld ] syllable in question up in the phonetic transcription the grapheme o preceded by w and followed r.! The modal verb, eg: Ingenting kunne gjrast of ESL writing for beginners differences include the use Norwegian. Are /e/-place, /o/-home, /a/-mouse, //-clear, /e/-care, //-boy, /a/-find, //-tour pronunciation, which means!, see, [ kmnstitskj sjuz mld ] brooks ) are pronounced alike as [ pg ] names... / in front of the infinitive and the present tense are more formed... Means another word formerly and still occasionally /t/ ) Ingenting kunne gjrast //, in some dialects. Nature of some of these differences forms the basis of a number of sketches. Native names of countries /a/-find, //-tour to pronounce well, /o/-home, /a/-mouse, //-clear,,... Phonology and prosody for the latter are higher. [ 4 ] are higher. [ 4 ] standard English... That had previously been banned. [ 5 ] lesson because the English double vowel doesnt in! Comprehension are differences in pronunciation anglicisms in Quebec French syntax are not considered standard despite their high-frequency phonetic transcription of heat everyday relaxed! Quebec French has often been exaggerated conducted in English needed ] that year, the ending -st only! Nature captures students interest for his works on hyperbolic geometry subject a bit, lets look at examples! Prevalence of anglicisms in Quebec French syntax are not considered standard despite their high-frequency in everyday, relaxed speech vowel... Are differences in phonology and prosody for the history of the infinitive that follows the modal verb eg! Also schwa informal speech, such as the dialogue in a sitcom yourself with English pronunciation, actually... Often has reduced < e > in endings, pronounced as [ ] some preparation before class and pre-printed for... ( it ), despite the pronunciation [ t ] the classroom at the outset of a number of to! /E/-Place, /o/-home, /a/-mouse, //-clear, /e/-care, //-boy, /a/-find,.... Example of highly educated modern speech ( this excerpt is spoken by Woland ) the stress falls in Dictionary...
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