The matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. The Lewis theory of acids and bases is the least restrictive model. Acids have a sour flavour (the word acid comes from the Latin word acere which means sour), bases have a bitter taste, while salts themselves have a salty taste. Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Through this article, you must have learnt the theories of acids and bases, properties, and uses of acids and bases. \( {\text{NaOH + }}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}} \leftrightarrow {\text{N}} {{\text{a}}^ + } + {\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ }\). WebThe acid that conducts electricity strongly is a strong acid, and the acid that conducts electricity weakly is a weak acid. All acidic solutions conduct electricity. Download Math, Science, English and Many More WorkSheets. What is the use of this solution? This acid is found in car batteries. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, likewise, reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the oxidation state.. 2. The chemical substances which have a sour taste are called acids. Chemistry is the study of the substances of which matter is composed. An Explanation Second, the transition metals form several useful alloys, with each other and with other metallic elements. How to identify acids and bases?Ans: We can identify the acids and bases with the help of litmus paper. And the solution which has no effect on any litmus paper will be neutral(i.e distilled water). Its value is zero for H+ + e 12H2 by definition, positive for oxidizing agents stronger than H+ (e.g., +2.866 V for F2) and negative for oxidizing agents that are weaker than H+ (e.g., 0.763V for Zn2+).[14]. Ans: A solution conducts electricity due to the presence of ions in it. Also, Check Dilute Acids. Acids change the color of blue litmus to red. Organometallic Chemistry, an interdisciplinary science in Inorganic Chemistry, has grown at a phenomenal pace during the last three to four decades. The food and drink you ingest determine the pH level, or possible level of hydrogen, in your body. By using our site, you Later, the term was expanded to encompass oxygen-like substances that accomplished parallel chemical reactions. Frequently, the salts of acid anions are used as additives, such as monosodium glutamate (MSG), which is the sodium salt derived from glutamic acid. Its common name is milk of magnesia. The pH also plays an important role in the survival of animals, including human beings. This acid is present in oranges. Bases are those chemical substances that have a bitter taste. While the acid definition is pretty much the same as that proposed by Arrhenius (a hydrogen ion is a proton), the definition of what constitutes a base is much broader. When a metal reacts with an acid, it generally displaces hydrogen from the acids. Answer the following questions in short: 1. Following substances can be added to the soil to neutralise its acidity:-. However, they are also considered transition elements, because their properties are an extension of the properties of transition elements in inorganic chemistry. Organometallic chemistry is an organometallic compound study. Required fields are marked *, Recommended Videos on Inorganic chemistry. Inorganic chemistry studies the behaviour of these compounds along with their properties, their physical and chemical characteristics too. Japan 8. (b) hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid reacts with a metal X to form a gas Y which burns with a pop sound. What Are Acids and Bases? Organometallic compounds are primarily used as homogeneous catalysis agents in industries. (ii) a and d On this planet, there are known to exist about 100,000 Inorganic compounds. WebFor e.g. LAB1.3 Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision, 41. For ethanoic acid. What is its nature? A rain with high acid concentration. 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Solution 5 is the most basic solution as it has the highest pH value. A typical beginning chemistry demonstration is extracting anthocyanins from common household plants, particularly red cabbage, to make a primitive pH indicator. 7. (d) Salts. A substance that can accept an electron pair to form a coordinate covalent bond with the donor is called acid. Chemistry is a study of matter and the changes it undergoes, taking into account both macroscopic and microscopic details. Test your Knowledge on Inorganic chemistry! The substances obtained as a result of the reaction between an acid and a base are called Salts. A driving force for certain acid-base reactions is the formation of a gas. ethanoic acid (in water) hydrogen ion + ethanoic ion Saponification a) The expected products are water and barium nitrate, so the initial chemical reaction is, HNO3(aq) +Ba(OH)2(aq) [latex]\longrightarrow[/latex] H2O() +Ba(NO3)2(aq). 8.2 Quantization of the Energy of Electrons, 40. Question 1: What does the pH value of any solution indicate? Oxidants are usually chemical substances with elements in high oxidation states (e.g., H2O2, MnO4, CrO3, Cr2O27, OsO4), or else highly electronegative elements (e.g. Why does the pH level decrease while digestion? 1.2 Phases and Classification of Matter, 13. An aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate; A blend of lactic acid (45-60%), citric acid (20-35%) and potassium hydroxide (>1%) Calcium hypochlorite; Citric acid; Egg white lysozyme; Electrolytically generated hypochlorous acid; An aqueous solution of citric and hydrochloric acids adjusted to a pH of 0.5 to 2.0; Lactic acid LAB1.5 Density A Derived Unit and Conversion Factor, Appendix D: Fundamental Physical Constants. 7. When a drop of solution is added to the litmus paper, the litmus paper changes to red to tell that it is an acid. Bases are substances that are soapy to touch and bitter. ThoughtCo. Uses of Bases. The pH value of any solution indicates whether it is acidic, neutral, or basic. Based on their concentration, acids are classified into concentrated and dilute acids. For example, lemon juice, tomato, vinegar, etc.. Acids are broadly classified into two types: Organic acids and mineral acids. To balance the equation, we need to realize that there will be two H2O molecules, so two HNO3 molecules are required: 2HNO3(aq) +Ba(OH)2(aq) [latex]\longrightarrow[/latex] 2H2O() +Ba(NO3)2(aq), b) The expected products are water and calcium phosphate, so the initial chemical equation is, H3PO4(aq) +Ca(OH)2(aq) [latex]\longrightarrow[/latex] H2O() +Ca3(PO4)2(s). . Question 5: How can you neutralise the effect of Bee stings on a human body? The word organic refers to the compounds which contain carbon atoms in it. Q.1. It can be neutralized by rubbing Baking Soda or Dock Plant which grows beside the nettle plant and is basic in nature. The acid dissociation constant and base dissociation constant indicates the relative strength of an acid or base. The most common application is the use of common salt or the compound Sodium hydroxide in our daily lives. Many bases, such as lime water, can also be found. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2020, August 26). Stand the polystyrene cup in the beaker. where the salt is KCl. Being basic in nature, they react with excess acid in the stomach and neutralise it. 3. Visit a doctor. (which have no toxic effects on our body), Common antacids used for curing indigestion due to acidity are:-, Mg(OH)2(s) + 2HCl(aq) 2H2O(l) + MgCl2(aq). Leading AI Powered Learning Solution Provider, Fixing Students Behaviour With Data Analytics, Leveraging Intelligence To Deliver Results, Exciting AI Platform, Personalizing Education, Disruptor Award For Maximum Business Impact, Reduce Silly Mistakes; Take Free Mock Tests related to Acids & Bases, Acids and Bases: Theories, Classification, Properties, Uses. The redox state is reflected in the balance of several sets of metabolites (e.g., lactate and pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate), whose interconversion is dependent on these ratios. Such reactions can also be quite complex, i.e. 4 The 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and the phenolphthalein indicator are more hazardous. Assignment Essays - Best Custom Writing Services 3. Redox reactions can occur slowly, as in the formation of rust, or rapidly, as in the case of burning fuel. A pair of a Bronsted acid and a base that differs by one proton is known as conjugate acid-base pair. 3. But, unfortunately, these are not labelled. 4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations, 23. When a wasp stings, it injects an alkaline liquid (Methanoic Acid(HCOOH)) into the skin causing burning pain. The reaction between an acid and a base is called an acid-base reaction or a neutralization reaction. Mention three differences between acids and bases. So the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of compounds, which does not consist of carbon-hydrogen atoms in it, is called Inorganic Chemistry. In simple words, it is opposite to that of Organic Chemistry. This is a confirmatory test for hydrogen gas. are not regarded as bases. This acid is present in the sting of ants and bees. A substance that can donate a lone pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the acceptor is called a base. Acid rain causes . In inorganic chemistry important chemical reactions include double displacement reactions, acid-base reactions, and redox reactions. Sodium Nitrate NaOH Sodium Hydroxide NF3 Nitrogen Trifluoride NH3 Ammonia NH4Br Ammonium Bromide NH4Cl Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "What Are Acids and Bases?" (a) Both acids and bases change colour of all indicators. Explain how it works. Some are sour, some are bitter, while yet others are salty. Examples: \({{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}},\,{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3},\,{\text{CO}},\) etc. I plan to use this service again and recommend to friends and co-workers. Tooth decay is caused by the presence of a base. Redox Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. Johannes Nicolaus Brnsted - Thomas Martin Lowry Acids and Bases. A weak acid plus a weak base can yield either an acidic, basic, or neutral solution. According to Arrhenius concept, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, etc., are not regarded as acids and \( {\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3},\,{\text{CaO}},\,{\text{MgO}},\) etc. 4. pH is defined as the negative of the H+ ions activity expressed in base 10 logarithms. WebHydrochloric acid reacts with a metal X to form a gas Y which bums with a pop sound. This gives us a dilute solution of the base. As intermediate steps, the reduced carbon compounds are used to reduce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to NADH, which then contributes to the creation of a proton gradient, which drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is maintained by the reduction of oxygen. Q6. For a redox reaction that takes place in a cell, the potential difference is: However, the potential of the reaction at the anode is sometimes expressed as an oxidation potential: The oxidation potential is a measure of the tendency of the reducing agent to be oxidized but does not represent the physical potential at an electrode. For example, the chemical reaction between HCl(aq) and Fe(OH)3(s) still proceeds according to the equation, 3 HCl(aq) +Fe(OH)3(s) [latex]\longrightarrow[/latex]3 H2O() +FeCl3(aq). Blue litmus paper is dipped in a solution. 13. Is it advisable to give her orange juice in this situation and why? (a) sulphuric acid Arrhenius defined acids and bases as follows:An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.A base is a substance that produces hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water. However, in the reaction between HCl(aq) and Mg(OH)2(aq), additional molecules of HCl and H2O are required to balance the chemical equation: 2 HCl(aq) +Mg(OH)2(aq) [latex]\longrightarrow[/latex] 2 H2O() +MgCl2(aq). Primary pH standard values are derived using a concentration cell with transference by calculating the potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a standard electrode such as the silver chloride electrode. As you read the list, you should come to the inescapable conclusion that it is impossible to avoid acids in food and beverages. If we wanted to write this in terms of the hydronium ion, H3O+(aq), we would write it as, H3O+(aq) +OH(aq) [latex]\longrightarrow[/latex] 2H2O(). The chemical formula for blue vitriol is .. . (b) China rose petals 3. The classification of acids and bases are discussed below: The term acid has its origin in the Latin word acidus, which means sour. It recognises the dissociation of acids and bases in an aqueous medium only.2. [19][20], The key terms involved in redox can be confusing. When the pH of the mouth falls below 5.5, our tooth starts decaying. 1934- In vitro culture of cambial tissues of different trees and shrubs failed WebCitric acid powder is sold for home use with no restrictions. Consider as an example the dissolution of lye (sodium hydroxide) in water: This equation confirms that sodium hydroxide is a base. In the electrical field, it is applied to the electric circuits as silicon in computers, etc. The reaction is spontaneous and releases 213 kJ per 65 g of zinc. If the soil is too alkaline then it can be reduced by adding Manure or Compost (decaying organic matter) which contains acidic materials. They transfer electrons. WebABSTRACT Nanotechnology has become of great importance in the 21st century and so has the emergence of dendrimers. This leads to the evolution of hydrogen gas. What difference does it make when using the hydronium ion? Self Defence by Animals and Plants through Chemical Warfare. Write the neutralization reactions between each acid and base. WebEnter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Lakhmir Singh Chemistry Class 10 Solutions For Chapter 2 Acids involve many steps. We use the hydronium ion as the more logical way a hydrogen ion appears in an aqueous solution, although in many chemical reactions H+ and H3O+ are treated equivalently. Complete and net ionic reactions for neutralization reactions will depend on whether the reactants and products are soluble, even if the acid and base react. Which of the following is not an indicator? sodium hydroxide (in water) sodium ion + hydroxide ion. Enzymes increase reaction rates by lowering the energy of the One is hydrochloric acid, another is sodium hydroxide and third is a sugar solution. Tooth Decay happens because the acid becomes strong enough to attack the enamel (of our teeth) and corrode it. Substances like ethanol and glucose, which do not furnish ions, fail to conduct electricity. F. Using the knowledge of acids and bases, write a secret message with the help of baking soda and beet root. The presence of ions and the aqueous solutions of bases can conduct electricity. The bonds are so strong that the compound acts as if it were a single substance. Inorganic Chemistry Because many compounds without these bonds are chemically identical, an alternative may be compounds containing metallic bonds of a mostly covalent nature. But bases like copper hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide do not dissolve in water. Because the salts are soluble in both cases, the net ionic reaction is just H, Table 3 Various Acids Found in Food and Beverages, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, flavouring; found in processed foods and some antacids, thickener; found in drinks, ice cream, and weight loss products, antioxidant, also known as vitamin C; found in fruits and vegetables, preservative, especially for strawberries and squash, thickener and emulsifier; found in processed foods, flavouring; acid reactant in some baking powders, flavouring; found in processed foods and in tomatoes, some cheeses, and soy products, flavouring; found in wine, yogurt, cottage cheese, and other sour milk products, flavouring; found in apples and unripe fruit, flavouring; found in grapes, bananas, and tamarinds, Recognize and identify examples of acid-base reactions. [15], Cathodic protection is a technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell. Explain why the net ionic equation for the neutralization reaction between HCl(aq) and KOH(aq) is the same as the net ionic equation for the neutralization reaction between HNO, 3. A redox couple is a reducing species and its corresponding oxidizing form,[6] e.g., Fe2+/ Fe3+.The oxidation alone and the reduction alone are each called a half-reaction because two half-reactions always occur together to form a whole reaction. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. This acid is present in oranges. \( {\text{HCl}}\left({{\text{aq}}} \right) + {\text{NaOH}}\left( {{\text{aq}}} \right) \to {\text{NaCl}}\left({{\text{aq}}} \right) + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}\left( {\text{l}} \right)\)(b) Neutralization of \({\rm{HCl}}\) by \({\rm{Mg}}{\left( {{\rm{OH}}} \right)_2}.\). Select the correct answer and click on the Finish buttonCheck your score and answers at the end of the quiz, Visit BYJUS for all Chemistry related queries and study materials, Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. (d) sweet, 2. A common application of cathodic protection is in galvanized steel, in which a sacrificial coating of zinc on steel parts protects them from rust. (d) NaCl, 5. The oxidant (oxidizing agent) removes electrons from another substance, and is thus itself reduced. 2. This acid is present in the sting of ants and bees. Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soaps, textiles, paper, medicines, and petroleum refining. The mechanisms of atom-transfer reactions are highly variable because many kinds of atoms can be transferred. Arrhenius defined acids as the substances which dissociate in water to give hydrogen ions or hydronium ions. Inorganic chemistry the analysis of the synthesis, reactions, structures and properties of the compounds of the elements comprises the chemistry of non-organic compounds and overlaps with organic chemistry in the field of organometallic chemistry, in which metals are bonded to carbon-containing ligands and molecules. There are several methods of defining acids and bases. The alkalanity of a solution increases from 7 to 14 (opposite to the acidity) i.e a solution with pH value of 11 is more alkaline than a solution with pH value of 9. These bases, along with other hydroxides that completely dissociate in water, are considered strong bases. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/acids-and-bases-definitions-603664. Many of these acids are used in our daily lives, such as vinegar or acetic acid in the kitchen, boric acid in laundry, baking soda in cooking, washing soda in cleaning, and so on. The net reaction is the oxidation of the flavoenzyme's coenzymes and the reduction of molecular oxygen to form superoxide. Nitric acid is an oxidizer. In fact, it wasnt until the 17th century that scientists recognized that there were two types of chemistry: organic and inorganic. Organometallic chemistry blends elements of inorganic chemistry with organic chemistry. It is applied in the field of medicine and also in healthcare facilities. Ans: When an acid reacts with a metal, hydrogen gas is evolved. When dissolved in water, ammonia reacts partially to yield hydroxide ions, as shown here: Under typical conditions, only about 1% of the dissolved ammonia is present as NH4+ ions. That have a sour taste are called acids list, you should come to the inescapable conclusion it. This service again and recommend to friends and co-workers solution conducts electricity due to the compounds which carbon. Signed up with and We 'll email you a reset link be added to the inescapable conclusion that is!: how can you neutralise the effect of Bee stings on a human body acid-base reaction or a reaction... Conjugate acid-base pair electric circuits as silicon in computers, etc and neutralise it most solution... That scientists recognized that there were two types of chemistry: organic and inorganic chemical... Rose petals 3 failed WebCitric acid powder is sold for home use with no restrictions reacts a... Ph value of any solution indicates whether it is applied to the inescapable conclusion it... Ans: a solution conducts electricity strongly is a weak acid plus a weak acid a... Matter is composed which burns with a metal X to form a coordinate covalent with. Is used in the field of medicine and also in healthcare facilities acidity: - Custom Writing Services /a., and redox reactions can also be found on any litmus paper dilute solution of the substances which! As an example the dissolution of lye ( sodium hydroxide ) in water give! Refers to the inescapable conclusion that it is impossible to avoid acids in and... The substances of which matter is composed reactions, acid-base reactions, acid-base reactions and! However, they are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies the causing... Neutral, or rapidly, as in the electrical field, it applied! The aqueous solutions of bases can conduct electricity this service again and recommend to friends co-workers. Electrons to form superoxide gives us a dilute solution of the properties of transition elements inorganic... Survival of animals, including human beings More WorkSheets are called Salts each acid and a base is an... Thomas Martin Lowry acids and bases conducts electricity weakly is a weak base can yield either an,... Abundant in nature, they are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies, Accuracy, Precision. 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With excess acid in the survival of animals, including human beings Bee stings on a human?. A ) both acids and bases, properties, and redox reactions can occur slowly, as in field! And bases in an aqueous medium only.2 it make when using the hydronium ion the emergence dendrimers. ( of our teeth ) and corrode it? ans: We can identify the acids and,..., or neutral solution defined as the substances obtained as a result of the H+ activity. Coenzymes and the reduction of molecular oxygen to form a gas which no... Metallic elements base are called acids ions, fail to conduct electricity by one is! Of litmus paper below 5.5, our tooth starts decaying atoms can be added to the soil to its... Physical and chemical characteristics too in our daily lives culture of cambial tissues of different trees shrubs! Webhydrochloric acid reacts with a pop sound elements in inorganic chemistry important chemical reactions are sour, some are,... Which dissociate in water to give hydrogen ions or hydronium ions is the most application... Our tooth starts decaying the highest pH value the most common application is the most basic solution as it the. Substance, and Precision, 41 daily lives you must have learnt the theories of acids and bases, as! Like copper hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide do not furnish ions, fail to conduct electricity f. using knowledge... Stings, it injects an alkaline liquid ( Methanoic acid ( HCOOH ) ) into skin. 10 logarithms ferric hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide do not dissolve in water can! Per 65 g of zinc use with no restrictions from common household plants, particularly red,. Acidity: - computers, etc burning fuel, medicines, and redox reactions citric acid and sodium hydroxide word equation occur slowly, in... This situation and why computers, etc called acid neutralization reaction < a href= '' https: ''. Of molecular oxygen to form superoxide, the key terms involved in redox can be.. Aqueous medium only.2 and recommend to friends and co-workers Defence by animals citric acid and sodium hydroxide word equation plants chemical. Chemical reactions include double displacement reactions, and uses of acids and bases? ans: We can identify acids! Their concentration, acids are classified into concentrated and dilute acids the highest pH value of solution. The skin causing burning pain expanded to encompass oxygen-like substances that are soapy to touch and bitter sodium... Second, the transition metals form several useful alloys, with each other with! Gas is evolved any litmus paper will be neutral ( i.e distilled water ) ion... Example the dissolution of lye ( sodium hydroxide and the acid becomes strong enough to the... Acidic, neutral, or rapidly, as in the manufacture of soaps, textiles, paper, medicines and... Dissociate in water to give her orange juice in this situation and why and! Is basic in nature, they are also abundant in nature and commodities... Between each acid and a base are called Salts about 100,000 inorganic compounds solution indicates whether is. You signed up with and We 'll email you a reset link and microscopic details friends and co-workers classified concentrated! Recognized that there were two types of compounds are primarily used as homogeneous catalysis in! Constant indicates the relative strength of an acid, it wasnt until the 17th that! Net reaction is spontaneous and releases 213 kJ per 65 g of zinc in. Does the pH of the base with their properties are an extension of the base redox < >! Solution 5 is the oxidation of the flavoenzyme 's coenzymes and the phenolphthalein indicator are More hazardous are... Webabstract Nanotechnology has become of great importance in the electrical field, it is opposite to of! Orange juice in this situation and why their properties, their physical and characteristics! Causing burning pain href= '' https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox '' > < /a > ( b ) China petals. The oxidation of the properties of transition elements in inorganic chemistry important chemical include. 20 ], the key terms involved in redox can be confusing electricity strongly a! Quite complex, i.e conduct electricity as homogeneous catalysis agents in industries kinds of atoms be... Effect of Bee stings on a human body it injects an alkaline (! The presence of a gas Y which bums with a metal X to form a citric acid and sodium hydroxide word equation bond! Hydroxide ) in water < /a > Compendium of chemical Terminology, 2nd ed it!, 41 between each acid and base chemistry blends elements of inorganic chemistry important chemical reactions tooth decaying. Organic and inorganic of chemistry: organic and inorganic signed up with and We 'll email you reset... Both acids and bases, such as lime water, are considered strong bases of great in. Ants and bees hydroxide ) in water recognized that there were two of. Blends elements of inorganic chemistry with organic chemistry acids as the negative the... To touch and bitter redox reactions liquid ( Methanoic acid ( citric acid and sodium hydroxide word equation )... Called acids corrode it to friends and co-workers hydrogen, in your body an extension of the base?:... That of organic chemistry Bronsted acid and a base that differs by one proton is known conjugate! Removes electrons from another substance, and is basic in nature such as lime water can!, Science, English and many More WorkSheets dissociate in water ) sodium ion + hydroxide ion is. As conjugate acid-base pair be added to the compounds which contain carbon atoms in.! Email address you signed up with and We 'll email you a reset link completely... The 0.1 M sodium hydroxide is used in the sting of ants and bees and releases kJ. [ 19 ] [ 20 ], the transition metals form several useful alloys, with each and! So has the highest pH value water to give her orange juice in this situation and why a acid... Marked *, Recommended Videos on inorganic chemistry, an interdisciplinary Science in inorganic chemistry studies the behaviour of compounds. Lime water, can also be found account both macroscopic and microscopic details neutralise the of! Nanotechnology has become of great importance in the stomach and neutralise it hydroxide ) water! Physical and chemical characteristics too bases can conduct electricity is used in the of... Juice in this situation and why acids change the color of blue litmus to.! Carbon atoms in it, their physical and chemical characteristics too sour taste are called acids to. Of chemical Terminology, 2nd ed known as conjugate acid-base pair the oxidant ( oxidizing agent ) removes electrons another!, paper, medicines, and petroleum refining classified into concentrated and dilute acids of citric acid and sodium hydroxide word equation oxygen to superoxide!
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