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Mechanical failure is most common with inflatable models and most likely to occur when a component (usually the connecting tubing) ruptures, resulting in a fluid leak. Int J Impot Res 2000; 12: 191. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13: 2770. 317. Perimenis P, Gyftopoulos K, Athanasopoulos A et al: Diabetic impotence treated by intracavernosal injections: high treatment compliance and increasing dosage of vaso-active drugs. Lubensky JD: Outpatient 3-piece inflatable penile prosthesis. Giuliano F, Montorsi F, Mirone V et al: Switching from intracavernous prostaglandin E1 injections to oral sildenafil citrate in patients with erectile dysfunction: results of a multicenter European study. New York, NY: Little, Brown and Co. 1966. Price DE, Gingell JC, Gepi-Attee S et al: Sildenafil: Study of a novel oral treatment for erectile dysfunction in diabetic men. Steidle CP, McCullough AR, Kaminetsky JC et al: Early sildenafil dose optimization and personalized instruction improves the frequency, flexibility, and success of sexual intercourse in men with erectile dysfunction. 883. J Sex Med 2006; 3: 521. 526. See discussion under Guideline Statement 8. In particular, it should be explained that sexual stimulation is necessary and that more than one trial with the medication may be required to establish efficacy. Urology 1994; 43: 84. Aging Male 2003; 6: 94. 781. 677. Clin Ther 2003; 25: 2709. J Urol 2004; 172: 652. Manou BK, van Tam PN, Sesay M et al: Effect of sildenafil on erectile dysfunction in spinal cord injured patients. 512. 663. Cooper AJ: Evaluation of I-C papaverine in patients with psychogenic and organic impotence. Using this approach, all men should be informed of all treatment options that are not medically contraindicated to determine the appropriate treatment. Obesity is a key indicator of ED risk.49 Consideration should be given to the assessment of waist circumference.50 BMI is an alternative but has less specificity for central adiposity, which is a more robust indicator of underlying CVD. Vlachopoulos CV, Terentes-Printzios DG, Ioakeimidis NK et al: Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Ren Fail 2017; 39: 582. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22: 2111. J Sex Med 2009; 6: 2538. 58. Improvements in our ability to definitively manage ED will likely contribute to better life satisfaction and superior overall health outcomes. Int J Clin Pract 2014; 68: 841. This guideline's purpose is to provide direction to clinicians and to men who have ED. The term NAFLD encompasses a continuum of liver abnormalities, from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL, simple steatosis) to non Perimenis P, Konstantinopoulos A, Karkoulias K et al: Sildenafil combined with continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnea. 949. Sixty-five study arms reported data on approximately 3,000 men who underwent various versions of penile venous ligation surgery.903,907,921,931,937-987 This literature is characterized by diverse inclusion criteria and varied surgical techniques, making it difficult to definitively establish subpopulations of men and surgical methods with a high likelihood of long-term success. (Moderate Recommendation; Evidence Level: Grade C), 8. The same pattern is evident for the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) question 2 ("Were you able to insert your penis into your partner's vagina?") Gentile G, Franceschelli A, Massenio P et al: Patient's satisfaction after 2-piece inflatable penile prosthesis implantation: an Italian multicentric study. Median IIEF-EF score with use of PDE5i increased to 13.0 in the ESWT group (n = 37; from baseline mean 7) and to 8.5 in the sham group (n = 18; from baseline 8.0). Men should be coached and monitored during and after prostate cancer treatments.552 These efforts, including combining psychosocial support and somatic erectogenic treatments, may motivate men and their partners to maintain intimacy during sexual function recovery.526,530,551. 570. BJU Int 2004; 93: 97. Mayo Clin Proc 2007; 82: 20. Rosen R, Altwein J, Boyle P et al: Lower urinary tract symptoms and male sexual dysfunction: the Multinational Survey of the Aging Male (MSAM-7). J Sex Med 2007; 4: 1691. Vemulakonda VM, Sorensen MD and Joyner BD: The current state of diversity and multicultural training in urology residency programs. 359. Br J Urol 1994; 74: 492. 34. Derouet H, Meeth M and Bewermeier H: Experience with a papaverine/phentolamine/prostaglandin E1-mixture in non-responders to autoinjection therapy. Studies published in the 1990s reported on larger case series and noted lower infection rates, but rates were as high as 10.6%. 708. Woolf PD, Hamill RW, McDonald JV et al: Transient hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by critical illness. Data on study type (e.g., published systematic review/meta-analysis, randomized controlled trial [RCT], controlled clinical trial [CCT], observational study), treatment parameters (e.g., type of treatment, dosing, follow-up), patient characteristics (e.g., age, symptom duration, ED severity), outcomes (e.g., effects on erectile function, QoL), and AEs were extracted. 374. Erosion rates were on average lower for inflatable models (20 studies: range 0% to 6.5%; mean 2.5%) than for malleable models (7 studies: range 0% to 17.5%; mean 4.1%). 472. Fugl-Meyer KS, Stothard D, Belger M et al: The effect of tadalafil on psychosocial outcomes in Swedish men with erectile distress: a multicentre, non-randomised, open-label clinical study. Webster LJ, Michelakis ED, Davis T et al: Use of sildenafil for safe improvement of erectile function and quality of life in men with New York Heart Association classes II and III congestive heart failure: a prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial. 223. Padma-Nathan H, Steers WD and Wicker PA: Efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 329 patients. 984. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction and related health concerns in the general population. Porst H, Buvat J, Meuleman E et al: Intracavernous alprostadil alfadex--an effective and well tolerated treatment for erectile dysfunction. McMurray JG, Feldman RA, Auerbach SM et al: Long-term safety and effectiveness of sildenafil citrate in men with erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2015; 27: 95. J Sex Marital Ther 2003; 29: 227. A randomized controlled trial. BJU Int 2005; 96: 1323. CNS effects are a common side effect. Crespo E, Bove D, Farrell G et al: Revascularization of the cavernous body in vasculogenic sexual male impotence with a new microsurgical technique. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174: 513. Martin-Morales A, Gutierrez-Hernandez P, Romero-Otero J et al: Duration of erection: does it really matter? In men who are PDE5i non-responders, VED may have a role as a "rescue" device. Bahk et al. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994; 42: 1263. Ghana Med J 2009; 43: 132. Ther Apher Dial 2004; 8: 340. More than 90% of study arms were contributed by observational designs. Int J Impot Res 1996; 8: 63. Wespes E, Wildschutz T, Roumeguere T et al: The place of surgery for vascular impotence in the third millennium. The percentages of men who respond "yes" are relatively similar across active medications (limited data are available for avanafil). This literature consists primarily of observational designs with extremely small sample sizes; the available literature reports findings from <50 men in total. Vardi et al. Faraday M, Hubbard H, Kosiak B et al: Staying at the cutting edge: a review and analysis of evidence reporting and grading; the recommendations of the American Urological Association. Urology 1999; 54: 346. However, the test is prone to false negatives and may be less useful in men with impaired sleep schedules. BJU Int 2013; 112: 844. One element of setting appropriate expectations is explaining the differences between the inflatable and malleable devices in terms of the ease of operation, appearance, and concealability of the device. AEs. 24. Raina R, Lakin MM, Agarwal A et al: Efficacy and factors associated with successful outcome of sildenafil citrate use for erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. Williams G, Mulcahy MJ, Hartnell G et al: Diagnosis and treatment of venous leakage: a curable cause of impotence. 456. After six months, the mean score on the four IIEF-5 questions was significantly higher in the intervention group (14.4) compared to the control group (12.4). 312. 403. Pavlovich CP, Levinson AW, Su LM et al: Nightly vs on-demand sildenafil for penile rehabilitation after minimally invasive nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: results of a randomized double-blind trial with placebo. J Urol 2012; 188: 899. Br J Urol 1993; 71: 52. 459. Digital rectal examination (DRE) is not required for evaluation of ED; however, BPH is a common comorbid condition in men with ED and may merit evaluation and treatment. 212. Lewis R, Bennett CJ, Borkon WD et al: Patient and partner satisfaction with Viagra (sildenafil citrate) treatment as determined by the erectile dysfunction inventory of treatment satisfaction questionnaire. Valdevenito R and Melman A: Intracavernous self-injection pharmacotherapy program: analysis of results and complications. Antonini G, Busetto GM, De Berardinis E et al: Penile prosthesis implant for erectile dysfunction: a new minimally invasive infrapubic surgical technique. The choice of medication or medication combination is a collaborative decision among the man, partner, and physician and depends on what agent or agents produce an adequate response without unacceptable AEs. 182. Bai WJ, Li HJ, Jin JJ et al: A randomized clinical trial investigating treatment choice in Chinese men receiving sildenafil citrate and tadalafil for treating erectile dysfunction. Inclusion criteria varied and limited information was reported regarding patient characteristics such as the severity of ED or the presence of comorbidities. J Spinal Cord Med 2008; 31: 522. Urol Int 1992; 48: 332. J Sex Med 2011; 8: 2800. Although erectile function outcomes in these contexts have improved over time, many men will experience clinically significant ED as a consequence of prostate cancer treatment. Measures included the SHIM, SEP questions 2 and 3, a global assessment question and an erection diary. Natali A, Olianas R and Fisch M: Penile implantation in Europe: successes and complications with 253 implants in Italy and Germany. J Hypertens 2016; 34: 860. Most of the data were provided by RCTs that ranged in quality from poor (high risk of bias based on the Cochrane rating system) to high-quality (low risk of bias), with the majority of RCTs rated as moderate-quality (unclear risk of bias). 184. Thyroid function studies (i.e. In the absence of reliable predictors for these issues, the Panel suggests that any pre-existing fibrosis or plaque or deformity be documented before initiating ICI and that men be monitored regularly for progression of these conditions or for the onset of a new condition. BJU Int 2009; 103: 1392. Systematic review. 495. Moncada I, Martinez-Jabaloyas JM, Rodriguez-Vela L et al: Emotional changes in men treated with sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 420. Aversa A, Isidori AM, Spera G et al: Androgens improve cavernous vasodilation and response to sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction. Urology 1993; 42: 305. 551. 336. 467. Bar-Moshe O and Vandendris M: Surgical approach of venous leakage. For detailed information on possible health benefits of testosterone therapy, AEs associated with testosterone therapy, and recommended monitoring protocols for men prescribed testosterone, see AUA guideline on this topic.1007. Among 1,511 men who were implanted with an infection retardant coated device and who had the "no touch" technique, the infection rate was 0.46%. Acta Urol Belg 1992; 60: 9. 426. 825. Detailed assessment of sexual concerns may be difficult in a clinical setting when the presenting complaint is not ED; however, basic inquiry into sexual health should be a standard of care in any encounter in which conditions are discussed or interventions contemplated that may influence a man's sexual life. Eur Urol 2015; 68: 674. Sexual function depends on intact anatomical, physiological, and behavioral capacities but occurs in the multi-layered context of a man's beliefs and values about sexuality and maleness, his upbringing and sociocultural mores, his relationship with his partner and the quality of that partnership, and the partner's beliefs and values about sexual activity. Yip WC, Chiang HS, Mendoza JB et al: Efficacy and safety of on demand tadalafil in the treatment of East and Southeast Asian men with erectile dysfunction: a randomized double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical study. In trials that compared combined medical and psychotherapy to psychotherapy only, the combined groups generally also exhibited greater improvement than the single treatment modalities. 616. Chung E, Van CT, Wilson I et al: Penile prosthesis implantation for the treatment for male erectile dysfunction: clinical outcomes and lessons learnt after 955 procedures. Int J Clin Pract 2014; 68: 1087. Esposito K, Giugliano F, Di Palo C et al: Effect of lifestyle changes on erectile dysfunction in obese men: a randomized controlled trial. Dinsmore WW, Hodges M, Hargreaves C et al: Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in erectile dysfunction: near normalization in men with broad-spectrum erectile dysfunction compared with age-matched healthy control subjects. For men with ED, low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) should be considered investigational. J Urol 2005; 173: 2067. Clinicians and men with ED should be aware that a large proportion of men who have a positive in-office test will not be successful in the home environment. Safarinejad MR: Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in diabetic men: a randomized double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Yiou R, Cunin P, de la Taille A et al: Sexual rehabilitation and penile pain associated with intracavernous alprostadil after radical prostatectomy. A study of 69 men who had failed PDE5i therapy and were subsequently treated with a combination of PDE5i and VED for 4 weeks demonstrated a significant increase in the IIEF, SEP 2 and 3, and the Global Patient Assessment Scale indicating that this regimen may be effective in at least a subset of this cohort.619 Men with diabetes. JAMA 1999; 281: 2173. 181. 851. (Moderate Recommendation; Evidence Level: Grade C), 12. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 1201. Therefore, reliable information about potential benefits and risks/burdens of PRP therapy is not available. In the modern era of prostate cancer management, improving functional outcomes, particularly sexual function, has become a priority. 72. Buvat J, Lemaire A and Herbaut-Buvat M: Intracavernous pharmacotherapy: comparison of moxisylyte and prostaglandin E1. Eur Urol 1989; 16: 175. 10. 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Wespes E, Wildschutz T, Roumeguere T et al: the current state of diversity and multicultural training urology! 2008 ; 31: 522 the third millennium: Grade C ), 8 comparison of moxisylyte prostaglandin.

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