1930s architecture in Russia. Out of the 800 canal workers, only 80 remained at their stations. varwenea. including the Moscow-Volga Canal, the White Sea-Baltic Canal and the . [24], The canal has been used for shipping oil products from oil refineries on the Volga River to consumers in the Murmansk Oblast, or overseas. They grew from his paranoia and his desire to be absolute autocrat, and were enforced via the NKVD (Communist Secret police) and public 'show trials'. Genrikh Yagoda, Deputy Chairman of the OGPU, as well as Berman, Firin, Kogan, and Rappoport were awarded the Order of Lenin for the completion of the canal by the Politburo on July 15, 1933. The current flows north from Lake Onega to the White Sea, and all navigation marks are set according to it. For a long time, people thought about constructing a waterway between the White Sea and Lake Onega. White Sea-Baltic Canal, Russian Belomorsko-baltiysky Kanal, system of rivers, lakes, and canals in northwestern Russia that connects the White Sea to Lake Onega, where it joins the Volga-Baltic Waterway (q.v.). The White Sea-Baltic Canal connects Lake Onega and the White Sea. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. A balanced northern Russia tour rich in historical insights, cultural and natural experiences. Since then, the canal has been regularly used for delivering submarines by transporter dock from the Baltic Shipyard and Krasnoye Sormovo to Sevmash for completion. White Sea-Baltic Canal - Wikiwand Once in Lake Onega, ships can exit the southwest shore through the Svir River (and its two locks) to reach Lake Ladoga and then proceed down the Neva River to Saint Petersburg and the Baltic Sea. Kvitsj-stersjkanalen, Kvitsjkanalen eller Hvitehavskanalen (russisk: Belomorsko-Baltiyskiy Kanal (BBK), mest kjent under kortformen Belomorkanal), er en . Prisoners at work building the White Sea-Baltic Canal, one of the first major projects in the Soviet Union made entirely through slave labor. Senkevich (. . ), chief of WSBC, November 16, 1931 January 16, 1932, also assistant chief of the BBK Construction Directorate. Volgotanker's alleged failure to contain the spill, or to cooperate with the competent authorities in a timely manner, resulted in the Arkhangelsk Oblast authorities shutting down the oil transfer operation, at a point when only 220,000 tonnes had been exported. Published May 20, 2021 First opened in 1933, the White Sea-Baltic Canal was built on the backs of gulag prisoners. Knns 'White Sea-Baltic Canal' - Sanakirja suomi-Englanti | Glosbe White Sea Baltic Canal Black & White Stock Photos 4 and 20 had all been demolished. During the reconstruction of the guaranteed depth of the fairway has been increased to 4 meters, and the channel became part of the Unified Deep Water System of European Russia. The canal summit pond at 103 m elevation is 22km (14mi) long between locks 7 & 8. [22], The canal makes it possible to ship heavy and bulky items from Russia's industrial centers to the White Sea, and then by sea-going vessels to Siberia's northern ports. A Palace for the People In 1931, Joseph Stalin ordered that the largest Orthodox Christian cathedral in the world 335 feet high, the product of 44 years of back-breaking labor by Russian. 1.1 White Sea Canal Exercise 052012 - Course Hero In the file of Yezhov s case, Stalin s comrades wrote to him Letter. The word is still in colloquial use. 1 was the first to be blown up. 52 points. While scholars have explored at length many of the official texts concerning the Canal, narratives written by the prisoners themselves remain largely unexamined. "History of Karelia from antiquity to our time", editors: N.A. By the time it was done, more than 25,000 laborers had lost their lives. He was employed by the communist regime to photograph the "heroic technological achievements of the Stalin government and to produce a volume of photographic record" (Buchloh, 117). This did not allow using it by heavy vessels. This depth typically corresponds to river craft with deadweight cargo up to 600 tonnes, while useful seagoing vessels of 2,0003,000dwt typically have drafts of 4.56m (1520ft). On the other hand, with Germany's full-scale invasion of the USSR in 1941, supported by Finland in its so-called Continuation War, the route of the canal became the front line. The route of the White SeaBaltic Canal had become the front line, separating the Finnish troops on the canal's western bank from the Soviet forces on its eastern bank. White Sea-Baltic Canal | Detailed Pedia After the construction, 12,000 prisoners were freed as a reward for their efforts. Travelling by land, you can observe the facilities of the Canal in Povenets in the south and in Belomorsk in the north. In the midst of the Stalins repressions in 1930s, thousands of prisoners were executed and buried there. The total number of the Combine's employees accounted for about 25% of the population of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The museum's map of the White Sea-Baltic Canal (named after Stalin), with tools used by the prisoners to dig out the canal.. At Stalin's instigation, the February-March 1937 Central Committee plenum . Making History for Stalin: The Story of the Belomor Canal. Supposedly "reforging" "class enemies" (political prisoners) through "corrective labor", the working conditions at the BBK Camp were brutal, with the prisoners given only primitive hand tools to carry out the massive construction project. During World War II, in AugustSeptember 1941, the canal was used to move a number of submarines from the Baltic Fleet to the White Sea, including submarines K-3, S-101 and S-102, L-22. Two major seas off the coast of Russia were connected as a result. For the navigation seasons of 2008 to 2010, the canal locks were scheduled to operate from 20 May to 1530 October, giving 148163 navigation days per year. The first run of 4,000 copies in January 1934 was intended for the delegates of the Seventeenth Party Congress which was meeting that month. After the canal had been completed and opened for navigation, the Belbaltlag (White Sea-Baltic Camp) has been reorganized into the White Sea-Baltic Combine (Baltiysko-Belomorsky Kombinat [BBK]), still within the NKVD system, by the order of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated August 17, 1933. Good. In November, a caravan of passenger vessels evacuating families of Povenets canal workers and residents, along with equipment, froze into the ice of Lake Vygozero. On December 5, Finnish troops entered Medvezhyegorsk. 7 only on December 11, already after the Red Army had retreated from the area. Ukrainian Restaurant In The U.S. Celebrates The Death Of Joseph Stalin, 1953. The canal was commemorated by the Soviet Belomorkanal cigarette brand. GULAG White Sea-baltic Canal Name Stalin 1934 Soviet Vintage - Etsy Finnish military archive photo, Day Trip to Petroglyphs and the White Sea-Baltic Canal. [19], A major part of the Combine's workforce consisted of Beltbaltlag's prisoners, around 75-85 thousand of them. A carefully prepared visit in August 1933 to the White SeaBaltic Canal may have hidden the worst of the brutality from a group of 120 Russian writers and artists, the so-called Writers Brigade, including Maxim Gorky, Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Viktor Shklovsky, and Mikhail Zoshchenko, who compiled a work in praise of the project, the 600-page The I.V. It connects the White Sea, in the Arctic Ocean, with Lake Onega, which is further connected to the Baltic Sea. For the navigation seasons of 2008 to 2010, the canal locks were scheduled to operate from 20 May each year until 1530 October, giving 148163 navigation days per year.[6]. [2] This depth typically corresponds to river craft with deadweight cargo up to 600 t, whilst useful sea going vessels of 2,0003,000dwt typically have drafts of 4.56m (1520ft).[3][4][5]. The mortality rate was about 8.7%, with many more sick and disabled. [5][6] The canal was originally proposed to be 5.4m (17.7ft) deep; however, the cost and time constraints of Stalin's first five-year plan forced the much shallower draught. The Gulag was a system of forced labor camps established during Joseph Stalin's reign as dictator of the Soviet Union. Until 1961, its original name was the Stalin White SeaBaltic Canal (BelomorskoBaltiyskiy Kanal imeni Stalina). The canal was originally proposed to be 5.4m (17.7ft) deep; however, various cost issues forced completion to a much lesser depth. It was constructed between 1930 and 1933, largely by penal labour. White Sea Canal | Encyclopedia.com The White Sea-Baltic Canal: Stalin's Western Industrial Project That . The cargo tonnage peaked during 1985 with 7.3 million tonnes being transported along the canal. 7; however, it failed to cause any damage. Of course, the restructuring of the economy to . This canal connects the White Sea with Lake Onega, and having access to the Baltic Sea and the Volga-Baltic Waterway. Work began on the gradual electrification of the canal's structures and machinery. The navigable channel is 36 meters (118ft) wide and 3.5 meters (11.5ft) deep, with a radius of curvature of 500 meters (1,640ft). There is a monument at Povenets for the prisoners who perished during the construction, and a smaller memorial in Belomorsk near the White Sea end. The fuel was transferred from Volgotanker river tankers to Latvian seagoing tankers at a floating transfer station near the Osinki Island in the Onega Bay on the White Sea, 36km (22mi) northwest of the port of Onega. The vertical axis is the elevation of the canal segments above mean sea level. Visiting the Canal Many locks of the Canal are located in the wilderness and can be seen only from the boat. 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images facilities of the run! 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