Ethiopia Agriculture Market Analysis - Industry Report - Trends, Size Second, because peasants faced food shortages, they gave priority to cereal staples to sustain themselves. The agricultural sector is subject to periodic drought, and poor infrastructure constrains the production and marketing of Ethiopia's products. Kassaye Tolassa . Agriculture as a producer of positive externalities and public goods 2 2.4. They are sticky when wet, hard when dry, and difficult to work. Land Degradation in Ethiopia: Causes, Impacts and - IISTE In view of this, a study was conducted to characterize the landscape features and related biophysical settings and to identify the local soil . Agriculture in Ethiopia. About three-quarters of the total sheep flock is in the highlands, whereas lowland pastoralists maintain about three-quarters of the goat herd. Since the revolution, most commercial cotton has been grown on irrigated state farms, mostly in the Awash Valley area. With the GOE looking to partially liberalize the wheat import market, local millers are beginning to explore opportunities to import wheat directly. In the 20062007 EFY hides, skins and leather products made up 7.5% of the total export value; live animals accounted for 3.1% of the total value of exports during the same period. The agricultural extension system in Ethiopia: Operational setup The Awash River basin supports many large-scale commercial farms and several irrigated small farms. However, the sector has always performed poorly; about one-half of the rural residents in Ethiopia live below the national poverty line, and the rural population is endowed with few and poorly provided social amenities. [19][20], Sorghum, millet, and corn are cultivated mostly in warmer areas at lower altitudes along the country's western, southwestern, and eastern peripheries. Farm Management Practices (Private Peasant Holdings, Meher Season) 2020/21 (2013 E.C.) These types of soils are found in much of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR). Grain imports are almost exclusively limited to wheat, nearly all of which the GOEs state-trading arm (i.e., Ethiopian Trading Business Corporation) purchases off the international market and later distributes in the local market at a subsidized price. Agriculture accounts for most of (30-42%)t of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. Despite the Derg's efforts to reassure farmers that land reform would not affect them negatively, northerners remained suspicious of the new government's intentions. Potato is an increasingly important crop in Ethiopia, but the origin of local cultivars grown throughout the country is unknown. A large chunk of this commercially produced red meat, most of which is currently mutton and goat meat is exported to the Middle East in order to generate foreign exchange. D. espite the countr. Ethiopias commercial red meat (beef, mutton and goat) industry has made remarkable progress to date and shows considerable growth potential for the future. Ethiopia's major staple crops include a variety of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, and coffee. [7], By the mid-1960s, many sectors of Ethiopian society favored land reform. In Ethiopia 95% of the total area is cultivated by smallholder farmers and contribute 90% of the total agricultural output. Yet agriculture is the country's most promising resource. These conditions include basic agricultural production potentials, access to input and output markets, and local population densities which represent both labor availability and local demand for food. Major Rivers of Ethiopia Water resources. Agriculture >. Section D. In EFY 197475, pulses and oilseeds accounted for 34% of export earnings (about 163 million Birr), but this share declined to about 3% (about 30 million Birr) in EFY 198889. In addition, the GOE continues to invest heavily in the expansion of the sugar industry, which is slated to be privatized in the near future with the aim of become one of the top ten sugar producers in the world over the next decade. Furthermore, the ten-year plan envisages to build a climate resilient green economy. The process meant not only smaller farms but also the fragmentation of holdings, which were often scattered into small plots to give families land of comparable quality. The Ethiopian Fruit and Vegetable Marketing Enterprise, which handled about 75 percent of Ethiopia's exports of fruits and vegetables in 198485, had to receive government subsidies because of losses. There are two predominant soil types in the highlands. Top 3 Trade Partners (2021): China, India, and United States. Pulses, grown widely at all altitudes from sea level to about 3,000 meters, are more prevalent in the northern and central highlands. However, production is constrained in part by outdated ginneries and limited availability of quality inputs, including seed, fertilizer, and pest control agents. Excluding the Afar and Somali Regions, there were approximately 47.5 million cattle, 26.1 million sheep, 21.7 million goats, 2.1 million horses and mules, 5.6 million donkeys, 1 million camels, and 39.6 million poultry. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute (EIAR), Ethiopian Trading Business Corporation (ETBC). [7], Wheat stem rust threatens the Ethiopian harvest every year and recently that especially means Ug99. [25], Both the imperial and the Marxist governments tried to improve livestock production by instituting programs such as free vaccination, well-digging, construction of feeder roads, and improvement of pastureland, largely through international organizations such as the World Bank and the African Development Bank. Merkebu Getachew. A Review of Ethiopian Agriculture Roles Policy and Small Scale Farming The GOE has an ambitious plan to attain wheat self-sufficiency and halt importations. Since the 2000s, Ethiopia has emerged as one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy. Citation: Kehali Jembere, Tekalign Mamo and Kibebew Kibret, 2017. Ethiopia: Economy - globalEDGE: Your source for Global Business Knowledge Agriculture. These soils are found in both the northern and the southern highlands in areas with poor drainage. The soils of the Great Rift Valley often are conducive to agriculture if water is available for irrigation. A lock ( A locked padlock ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. The directorates goal is to increase productivity, employment, technology transfer, and foreign exchange reserves by attracting investors with incentives and favorable land lease terms. In Ethiopia, agricultural export development is done in livestock, grains, vegetables, fruits, and fruits. Agricultural inputs, seeds, machinery and equipment used in cotton production. The increased production coming from existing and anticipated investments in the local agro-processing sector, as well as imports, are expected to help satisfy this growing demand. The country intends to be a middle-income economy by 2025. Among the popular games on the grasslands, football (introduced via schools) tends to replace the traditional qarsa game. Characteristics of Agriculture | PDF | Intensive Farming - Scribd The expected growth from these agriculture-related industries offers numerous opportunities for agricultural input sales, such as tractors and harvesters, farm trucks, fertilizer, irrigation equipment, grain handling systems, food and livestock processing equipment, as well as cold storage facilities. In addition, the GOE is looking to the agro-processing sector (also a best prospect sector detailed below) as one engine to spur future economic growth. The high concentration of animals in the highlands, together with the fact that cattle are often kept for status, reduces the economic potential of Ethiopian livestock. In order to address the ongoing drought, the GOE is renewing its emphasis on developing the countrys irrigation systems and water-harvesting methodologies. Furthermore, cropping has become more intensive and needs more labour; the establishment of exclosures and the expansion of cropland have led to less grazing grounds. It accounts for nearly 80% of the land under cultivation and employs 60% of the rural workforce, most of which work on less than one hectare of land. The challenges and prospects of Ethiopian agriculture - ResearchGate The principal grains in Ethiopia are Teff, Wheat, Barley, Corn, Sorghum, and Millet. After the 1975 land reform, peasants began withholding grain from the market to drive up prices because government price-control measures had created shortages of consumer items. Where the topography permits, they are suitable for farming. There are opportunities to process livestock products for both local and export markets. Both animals have high sales value in urban centers, particularly during holidays such as Easter and New Year's Day. Ethiopia: Urban Agriculture and Poverty Alleviation. The report includes the market size, recent trends, industry statistics, and analysis. There also was concern that villagization could have a negative impact on fragile local resources, accelerate the spread of communicable diseases, and increase problems with plant pests and diseases. Oilseeds of lesser significance include castor beans, rapeseed, peanuts, and safflower and sunflower seeds. PDF Ethiopian Cattle Genetic Resource and Unique Characteristics - IJSR Section D. landholdings are tiny, fragmented and unsuitable for modern methods of agriculture. [7], The objectives of villagization included grouping scattered farming communities throughout the country into small village clusters, promoting rational land use, conserving resources, providing access to clean water and to health and education services, and strengthen security. In 198182, out of the AMC's purchases of 257,000 tons of grain, Gojjam accounted for 32 percent of the purchases, and Arsi, Shewa, and Gonder accounted for 23%, 22%, and 10%, respectively. Livestock and Livestock Characteristics(Private Peasant Holdings) 2020/ In order to reduce the severity of this problem, several agricultural development strategies have been implemented since the 1960's. These areas are used by pastoralists who move back and forth in the area following the availability of pasture for their animals. One way the government is hoping to improve cotton yields is with Genetically Engineered (GE) cotton. Prior to the Revolution, urbanization increased the demand for fruit, leading to the establishment of citrus orchards in areas with access to irrigation in Shewa, Arsi, Hararghe, and Eritrea. For example, during the pre-reform period, sixty-one out of 200 farmer respondents owned three or four parcels of land; after the reform, the corresponding number was 135 farmers. The challenges and prospects of Ethiopian agriculture [7], Ethiopia's demand for grain continued to increase because of population pressures, while supply remained short, largely because of drought and government agricultural policies, such as price controls, which adversely affected crop production. To show other various factors (political, policy, cultural, religious, affected crop production and productivity in Ethiopia. Characteristics of Agricultural Landscape Features and Local Soil Mia MacDonald and Justine Simon (2010) Climate, Food Security, & Growth: Ethiopia's Complex Relationship with Livestock. J. It focusses on Ethiopia and provides a broad overview of some of the key developments in agriculture. Ethiopia's agriculture is plagued by periodic drought, soil degradation[1] caused by overgrazing, deforestation, high levels of taxation and poor infrastructure (making it difficult and expensive to get goods to market). Private traders and the Agricultural Marketing Corporation (AMC), established in 1976, marketed Ethiopia's agricultural output. TheInternational Trade Administration,U.S. Department of Commerce, manages this global trade site to provide access to ITA information on promoting trade and investment, strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements. In fact, the Ethiopia Investment Commission considers the textile and garment sector as a strategic sector. To that end, the government has made significant investments in cotton production in order to support manufacturing, including the recent establishment of industrial zones, and has gone to great lengths to provide incentives to attract foreign manufacturers to set up operations in the country. As with many equatorial countries, the sun dictates time in Ethiopia. Trade. 2. Regional Agricultural Research Centers (RARCs) under the respective regional bureaus of agriculture. Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of the country as the following facts indicate. Peasant associations used 361 nurseries to plant 11,000 hectares of land in community forest. [17], Although varying from region to region, the role of livestock in the Ethiopian economy was greater than the figures suggest. Ethiopia is also Africa's second biggest maize producer. The AMC was a government agency whose objective was to influence the supply and price of crops. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has embarked on a ten-year economic development plan (2021-2030) where agriculture is on the top of priority sectors. Ethiopia Overview: Development news, research, data | World Bank According to a 1987 estimate, beef accounted for about 51% of all meat consumption, followed by mutton and lamb (19%), poultry (15%), and goat (14%). 1401 Constitution Ave NW Production Efficiency and Agricultural Technologies in the Ethiopian Agriculture Introduction Inability to produce adequate food is the major problem of most less developed countries (LDCS). In Ethiopia's lowlands, for example, the presence of malaria kept farmers from settling in many areas. [7], While efforts are being made to intensify and industrialize the sector, questions arise as to how Ethiopia can develop and expand its livestock population when Ethiopians already struggle to gain access to good soil, grazing land, and water. Characteristics of agricultural landscape features and local soil fertility management practices in Northwestern Amhara, Ethiopia. This modest increase, however, was not enough to offset a general decrease in GDP during the same period. A potential exists for self-sufficiency in grains and for export development in livestock, grains, vegetables, and fruits. Source: United Nations Comtrade. In addition, it is hoped that the number of key crops are doubled from 18.1m metric to 39.5m metric tonnes. Overview. Adigrat University, College of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Adgrat, Tigray, Ethiopia Address: Adigrat University, P.O.Box 50 Abstract: Ethiopia is endowed with diverse cattle genetic resources adapted to various local environmental conditions and acquired unique features. [7], President Mengistu's 1990 decision to allow free movement of goods, to lift price controls, and to provide farmers with security of tenure was designed to reverse the decline in Ethiopia's agricultural sector. Wubne, Mulatu. After 1975 the revolutionary government used peasant associations to accelerate conservation work throughout rural areas. This government-led outreach, combined with low labor and electricity costs, has already yielded fruits with a number of Turkish, Indian, Chinese, Indonesian and other foreign firms opening businesses in Ethiopia in recent years. Includes a market overview and trade data. agriculture, poverty and illiteracy are important causes of land and environmental degradation in Ethiopia. More background information on the cotton situation in Ethiopia can be found in our cotton report from 2019/20. [7], Most agricultural producers are subsistence farmers with small holdings, often broken into several plots. Over the centuries, deforestation, overgrazing, and practices such as cultivation of slopes not suited to agriculture have eroded the soil, a situation that worsened considerably during the 1970s and 1980s, especially in Eritrea, Tigray, and parts of Gondar and Wollo. In addition, increased peasant consumption caused shortages of food items such as teff, wheat, corn, and other grains in urban areas. Ethiopia's crop agriculture is complex, involving substantial variation in crops grown across the country's different regions and ecologies. Moreover, the emperor's inability to implement meaningful land reform perpetuated a system in which aristocrats and the church owned most of the farmland and in which most farmers were tenants who had to provide as much as 50% of their crops as rent. Although the AMC had agents in all regions, it was particularly active in the major cereal producing regions, namely, Gojjam, Shewa, Arsi, and Gondar. Agriculture. Farmers' group formation accompanies the reform process. Livestock and Livestock Characteristics (Private Peasant Holdings) 2020/2021 (2013 E.C.) Causes and Characteristics of Drought in Ethiopia. Ethiopia is well positioned because highland temperatures make it ideal for horticulture, the average wage rate is US$20 per month (compared to US$60 a month in India), the price of leased land is about US$13 per hectare, and the government has tremendously aided the entry of new businesses into this sector in recent years. SURVEY REPORTS - Ethiopian Statistics Service PDF Crop Production in Ethiopia: Reginal Patterns and Trends [11], The primary motive for the expansion of state farms was the desire to reverse the drop in food production that has continued since the revolution. Search term. Ethiopia's agricultural sector has developed favourably over the past decade, but rapid population growth, limited access to fertile land, and volatile agricultural outcomes pose problems for the . Grain yields are relatively low due to the countrys rugged topography, poor land management, small-scale landholdings, irregular rainfall, limited mechanization, and insufficient supplies of fertilizer and improved seed. Ethiopia: Urban Agriculture and Poverty Alleviation - allAfrica.com What are the main characteristic of Ethiopian agriculture activities Production technologies in Ethiopian agriculture Penn State According to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Ethiopia's GDP growth rate will increase by around 7.8% to 10% by 2023. "National Statistical Abstract. <i>Objective</i>. The Ethiopian Herald (Addis Ababa) Urban agriculture utilizes resources such as land that have high demand for other urban uses . [7] According to the Central Statistical Agency (CSA), in 2008 the average Ethiopian farmer holds 1.2 hectares of land, with 55.13% of them holding less than 1.0 hectare. [7], Historically, Ethiopia was a rare exception in Sub-Saharan Africa, because of its special environmental circumstances, that enabled Ethiopian farmers to increase their productivity, for example by using ploughs. >. NEED FOR A SPECIFIC TREATMENT OF AGRICULTURE . Background Understanding the landscape features of agricultural lands and soil management practices is pertinent to verify the potential and limitations of the soil resources; and devise relevant land management strategies. the agriculture sector in Ethiopia relies to a greater extent on availability of suitable land, moisture, climatic . Between 198485 and 198687, at the height of the drought, Ethiopia received more than 1.7 million tons of grain, about 14 percent of the total food aid for Africa. The farmers continued to utilize their ancient system of production despite changing ecological and population pressures. This site contains PDF documents. Soil acidity is one of the most important environmental threats to the Ethiopian highlands where the livelihood of the majority of people is reliant on agriculture. [18], Another new source for export revenue is the production of chat, an amphetamine-like stimulant which is consumed both inside Ethiopia and in adjacent countries, and which is considered a drug of abuse that can lead to mild to moderate psychological dependence. Agriculture is one of the best prospect sectors for growth in Ethiopia. In June, 1997, the Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization (EARO), today's Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) was established and merged all the existing agricultural research institutions which included: 1. Textile and apparel manufacturing and equipment. y's natural potential, the agricultural performance remains weak; high dependency on rain-fed The GOE encourages investments in meat processing, especially those that are focused on exporting value-added products abroad. In Ethiopia, agriculture is started during the Neolithic revolution era, ten thousand years ago. Food production had consistently declined throughout the 1980s. They are boiled, roasted, or included in a stew-like dish known as wot, which is sometimes a main dish and sometimes a supplementary food. PDF TIGRAY ESIA SOIL CHARACTERISTICS - African Development Bank [7] In EFY 20072008, the CSA reported that 17,827,387.94 quintals of pulses were produced on 1,517,661.93 hectares, an increase from the 15,786,215.3 quintals produced on 1,379,045.77 hectares. Supply and demand characteristics 2 2.3. Brighter Green, 2. Ethiopia one of the fastest-growing economies in the continent. The agricultural production trends throughout the 1980's up to mid-1990's were characterized by wide fluctuations in total output and weak growth, with grain production increasing at rate of 1.37% annually compared to population growth of 2.9 % (World Bank, 2004). Volume II, Report on Livestock and Livestock Characteristics. The pilot areas selected for establishment of the Agro-Industrial Parks are mainly based on the potential of existing agricultural resources and allied sectors, infrastructure, and facilities. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Ethiopia has previously imported cotton from various international suppliers. Niger seed is found mostly in the northern and central highlands at elevations between 1,800 and 2,500 meters. Researchers found however that, since transhumance takes place in summer, during school holidays, the transhumance in itself does not affect schooling. [7], Ensete, known locally as false banana, is an important food source in Ethiopia's southern and southwestern highlands. Ethiopia has an extremely diverse topography, climate, culture, population distribution and market access. Grains - Grains are the most important field crops and the main element in the diet of most Ethiopians. The first, found in areas with relatively good drainage, consists of red-to-reddish-brown clayey loams that hold moisture and are well endowed with needed minerals, with the exception of phosphorus. Except in Tigray region, the pilot agro-industrial parks have launched operations. More details on the latest grain and oilseeds situation in Ethiopia can be found in our Grain & Feed and our Oilseeds Reports. The plough shaft, beam and ploughshare are made of wood and the sickle, pick axe, plow are made of metal. Agriculture in Ethiopia is the foundation of the country's economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product (GDP), 83.9% of exports, and 80% of total employment.. Ethiopia's agriculture is plagued by periodic drought, soil degradation caused by overgrazing, deforestation, high levels of taxation and poor infrastructure (making it difficult and expensive to get goods to market). Estimates for 1987 indicated that livestock production contributed one-third of agriculture's share of GDP, or nearly 15 percent of total GDP.
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