For comparison todays NAA mini-revolvers are 4-inches overall with a 1.12-inch barrel. Some of the advertisements of the era made one purpose explicit. Circa: Using The Marks Of Proof On This Gun, Crown,Crown,U, Proof Hose, E. German, Suhl, Type Of Proof And Gun, Inspection Mark, Circa, Since 1950. Grey patina on the cylinder and barrel. Homemade Smith And Methson Firearm Unlikely To Catch On With Wyoming Crooks. velo dog pistol value This proved sufficient given the almost non-existent recoil of this load. Unusual Velo Dog - pistol-forum.com Outdoor Hub, LLC (d/b/a Carbon Media Group), 30800 Telegraph Rd, Suite 1921, Bingham Farms, MI 48025 USA. The cartridge was comparable in power to .22 LR loads of the time, but was substantially longer, with a brass case 1.12 long. Sold. Join Date: October 26, 2005. A lovely example of an early classic 1900 Velo Mini Revolver. Although this huge catalogue has three pages of various Velo Dog revolvers for sale this is the only Velo-Dog cartridge listed. These bite-sized snoopy snipers, often called Revolver de Poche in French speaking countries, are one of the best deals in the collectable gun market today. I guess you can teach an old dog new tricks. Back to Main Index velo dog pistol value - travelbestieug.com Uvalde, Active Shooters and Re-Thinking Some Things. This is pretty labor-intensive, but you can produce small numbers this way without too much of a problem. Galand designed a centerfire round about the length of a .38 Special but with a 45-grain .22-caliber bullet and a light, often black powder, charge. The Obsolete Calibre List - Vintage Guns GABILONDO Y URRESTI > Velo-Dog Revolver. Remington's Nylon 66 semi-automatic .22 LR rifles have grown from 1950s bargain buys to 21st century collectors darlings. While not being very powerful the light weight and small size of the Velo-Dog revolvers, with a typical barrel length of just under 2 inches, made them ideal weapons for non-cyclists who wanted a small, concealable pistol. The Nylon 66, a relatively inexpensive rimfire with faux woodgrain, was the first successful synthetic-stock firearm. The original guns used the proprietary 5.5mm Velo-Dog cartridge was basically a centerfire .22LR that was slightly less powerful than the 22LR. The gun locks up properly, and everything works as it should. Outdoor Hub, LLC (d/b/a Carbon Media Group), 30800 Telegraph Rd, Suite 1921, Bingham Farms, MI 48025 USA. SOLD - $200.00 Shipping: Calculated on checkout Accepted Payment Methods: Returns: No Returns Description: This is a small 6.35 cal. There are people who say that every revolver that sort of looks like a Nagant IS a Nagant. Most of the other brand of clones are unmarked save for the occasional serial number and go for $100 or less. Late 1800's Postman's pocket dog scarer pistol advice. Five shot solid frame pocket / bicycle revolver with folding trigger. Surviving examples vary considerably in appearance. SKU: 22050052. This article relating to revolvers is a stub. A Chilliwack man who accidentally shot himself with a French palm pistol known as a "Velo Dog" because of its use by cyclists to fend off attacks from animals has lost his appeal of a. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. You have entered an incorrect email address! The top strap is marked "Randf: Cal: 22-230, Syst: Hammerless". Made circa 1890s. FIOCCHI 5.75mm VELO-DOG 43gr FMJ 48rd BOX - COLLECTOR RIFLE & AMMO, Inc. The name is a portmanteau of "velocipede" and "dog". 5.5mm Velo-Dog - Bullet-Blog.com | Nature - Outdoor - Adventure san antonio housing authority login / chapter 23 care of patients with infection quizlet / chapter 23 care of patients with infection quizlet As the name suggests, a velo-dog revolver was designed to protect velocipedists against dogs when out for a ride. A prime example of the . Yes, I know Alpo. This should be a force-fit. The front sight is pretty decent, but the shallow notch of the rear sight is not particularly useful. This is a fascinating little gun and an interesting look into history. Mark indicates gauge prior to 1925, a 3-inch chamber, but after that year chamber length had to be indicated in inches. Belgian Velo-Dog Double Action Revolver Serial no undet. It was well traveled. Bicycle Gun: The Doggone History Of These Pocket Pistols Nice little gun. The Price for a Galand Velo-Dog Revolver has increased in cost by $0.00 in 2023 compared to 2022. Very Nice hand engravings down the spine and on both sides of the frame. They all are pocket size. Today, the Velo-Dog term is used for a broad assortment of Euro pocket revolvers in various calibers by diverse (and often anonymous) makers, probably because no one can think of what else to call them. The Velo-Dog (also known as a Revolver de Poche[1]) was a pocket revolver originally created in France by Ren Galand, son of Charles-Franois Galand in the late 19th-century as a defense for cyclists against dog attacks. Webley No. . It's spot-on Soundguy. It appears to be a 25 ACP Velo-Dog Revolver. Collectible Firearms for Serious Gun Collectors | Rock Island Auction When up . Required fields are marked *. The design incorporated a very small size, along with a DAO design with an enclosed hammer and a folding trigger without the presence of a trigger guard. It may even be a smoothbore "shotgun." Looking at the hammer and firing pin, one might tell whether it's a center-fire or a rimfire cartridge. Condition: Fine. Col. Kingston, NY 12401 Phone: 866.686.7424 Fax: 877.486.7278 It looks a lovely little antique and is going for cheapish. This is a small 6.35 cal. It has a folding trigger, Bulldog-style ejection and a manual safety located just above the hard rubber grips on the back of the frame. Item Overview Description SERIAL NUMBER 14 BARREL 1-1/4" CALIBER 6.35 VELO DOG CF. Should I bother with them? Briefly, the Velo-Dog was a fairly powerful .22 caliber center fire cartridge made to allow people riding bicycles ("velocipedes") to protect themselves from attacks by dogs, hence the "velo-dog" name. They are stamped close to the bullet hole inserts. Poor $ 0000. By signing up you agree to Guns.com's Fine Belgian Velo Dog Double Action Revolver 7mm, 5-shot, 1 1/2-inch round barrel with flat top; hammerless double action with folding trigger; blued, with case-hardened frame and checkered ebony grips. Charles-Franois Galand (1832-1900) was a French gunsmith who worked in Lige, Belgium, and Paris, France.He manufactured many revolvers for civilian and military use, including the Galand Revolver (also called the Galand-Sommerville or Galand-Perrin), the Tue Tue, and the tiny Le Novo.The Velo-dog, developed from the Tue Tue and the Novo, was designed by Charles-Franois' son Ren in 1904. Rare Velo Dog .25 cal revolver Description: Velo Dog with Browning stamped on top of the strap, and this tiny revolver made at the tuen of the century measures less the 5" long and comes with it's soft pig-skinned leather holster. The revolvers were open-framed and often had folding triggers to prevent accidental discharge and to make them more compact. Firearms dont get much more iconic than John Moses Brownings legendary Auto-5 semi-auto shotgun, affectionately called the Humpback for its distinctive drop at the rear of the receiver. Blued, with walnut grips. The name combined the words Velocipede (bicycle) and Dog; his thought was that cyclists could use the revolver to discourage dogs that plagued them. ONLY TWO DEFINING FORCES HAVE GIVEN UP THEIR LIVES FOR YOU. For the more humane, there were cartridges loaded with cayenne pepper or dust,[4] or which had bullets made from wax, wood or cork. The name is a compound word composed of "velocipede" and "dog". Belgian Velo-Dog Double Action Revolver - CollectorEbooks.com During the era in which hammerless pocket pistols grew in popularity, human-powered wheeled transportation was undergoing a similar development period. The name is a portmanteau of "velocipede" and "dog". It's an example of a cheap pocket pistol from a century ago - a 6-shot Belgian revolver chambered for .22 Short (sometimes referred to as a Velodog). This gun has a matching magazine. Senior Member . Stay in the know. Single diamond checkered wood grips. ARIZMENDI HAMMERLESS VELO DOG REVOLVER 6.35MM. Very Good - 90% - 95% condition (all parts/finish should be original). If you have some tools and are a handy sort you can make your own from .25 ACP cartridges and 1/4 brass tube. The Galand arms firm was akin to the Colt revolver works in the 19th century, except that it was in Paris. This is an original closed frame 6 shot, Velo-Dog type revolver has a fluted cylinder and 1 " octagonal barrel (5 . Forum. For those with soft hearts, there were also loads that replaced the lead bullet with wax, olive wood, or cork. And crikey it was loud! All Rights Reserved. A Cold War era classic with smooth lines, a legendary back story, and an exotic-sounding name, Beretta's Model 71 was definitely a mouse that roared. Belgian Velo-Dog 22LR Revolver - Used in Fair Condition This is a vintage Belgian Velo-Dog revolver chambered in 22 Long Rifle. This load dimpled the chickens and pigs. All have short barrels and originally fired the 5.75mm (.22 calibre) Velo-dog cartridge, although many of the Velo-Dogs produced after 1900 accepted .22 LR or .25 ACP rounds. Many times, owners loaded cork, cayenne pepper or wax bullets as a less-than-lethal dog deterrent. The ammunition for these guns is no longer in production, though you might find a specialty maker producing limited quantities to order for a princely price. It uses what looks like shotgun primers to function. Belgium Velo Dog Revolver, 25 ACP Caliber - gunauction.com By 1895 an even smaller Galand revolver was born, specifically to counter the four-legged threat to cyclists, which was named the Velo Dog. The hammer is shrouded to avoid its snagging on clothing, so the weapon is double action only. Today, the Velo-Dog term is used for a broad assortment of Euro pocket revolvers in various calibers by diverse (and often anonymous) makers, probably because no one can think of what else to call them. Likewise, the hammer was hidden inside the frame and completely shrouded. Gun Type: Handgun: NIB $ 0000. With the average dog somewhere about 30-40 pounds, the cartridge for the small pistol did not have to be huge. Appears to work fine with safety on the left frame. [2] The name is a compound word composed of "velocipede" and "dog". Looks like something somebody made with a drill press and a 2 axis vise. Made in Belgium. AROSTEGUI, EULOGIO > Velo-Dog. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Save Share. D Armes Engraved Velo-dog Revolver. Most came from Belgium, France, or Spain, with additional production in Germany, Italy, and Brazil, with nearly 50 different manufacturers identified. Both Bark and Bite: British Bulldog pocket revolvers :: Guns.com Interesting traditional double action revolver designed for self-defense against dogs while riding bicycles. Misc. This would be a pipe bomb load in a small, cheap revolver from the late 1800's and early 1900's. A 6.35mm double-action revolver with 1.5" barrel, folding trigger and concealed hammer. It looks like it was made in Belgium, was imported into England and then France (or vice versa). Notes This is a Velo Dog folding trigger revolver. Cal. . Velo-dog - Wikipedia Please contact the developer of this form processor to improve this message. However, Im unsure on caliber, it could also be chambered in something else, however the majority of Velo-Dog revolvers Ive encountered were 25 ACP. The numbers are likely the assembly marks used by the person putting the components of the gun together. There is even a safety lever on the left side of the gun. (7mm & 9mm) It was one of the smallest revolvers ever placed into production, at just over 5-inch long with a 1.5-inch barrel. My guess would be that different authorities use different definitions, but what remains true for all is that a specific design of pistol was manufactured to use 5.5 cartridges and was soon designed to house larger cartridges. Smith & Wesson's version was a 2-inch iteration of its hammerless model. Description: 20th Century Europe VELODOG Style Pocket Revolver C&R Eligible, with Folding Trigger, in 5.5mm Here we present a Velodog-style Revolver, made circa 1910 in Liege, Belgium. Following, Someday I will hit a gong at a mile.. 9mil, ------------------------------------------------, There are 2 number 1s stamped to a bullet hole and no marks under the handle. However, my correction was taken down the next day and the post was returned to the original. It appears to be a 25 ACP Velo-Dog Revolver. I WOULD TO KNOW HISTORY &VALUE FIREARMS DO NOT KILL PEOPEL PEOPEL KILL PEOPEL October 13, 2006, 09:38 AM #2: springmom. The metal has an overall plum-b. How does it work? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The value of a Velodog revolver depends on its condition, age, and whether or not it is complete and original. Cartridge (88) Double Action (4) Dragoon (5) Duelers (1) Flare Pistol (1) Flintlock (5) Pepperbox (7) Percussion (28) Single Action (19) Spur Trigger (29) Allen & Thurber 32 Caliber Pepperbox - PENDING SALE. In this article, the photo shows a Belgian-made Velodog made for an 6,35 mm caliber cartridge. It is a hammerless double-action-only five-shot stainless steel revolver with a folding trigger and manual safety. A string of five shots yielded an average velocity of 430fps. 5.5 Velo Dog. Lot 389: EUROPEAN FOLDING TRIGGER VELO DOG REVOLVER Velo-dog | Military Wiki | Fandom to small detailed parts. Only show this user . [2] The name is a compound word composed of "velocipede" and "dog". Nice Belgium made Velo Dog hammerless five-shot folding trigger revolver in .25 ACP. On a firearms forum we should strive to be more informed. GABILONDO Y URRESTI Velo-Dog Revolver :: Gun Values by Gun Digest Common grips were hard rubber, but silver, wood, antler, mother-of-pearl and ivory were also used. Lot 3350: Smith & Wesson .38 Safety Hammerless 5th Model Double Action Revolver with Ultra Rare 1 1/2 "Bicycle" Length Barrel and Factory Letter. The Manufacturer cannot be found, but this weapon is known as the Velo-Dog, originally created in the late 19th century as a defense for cyclists against dog . The round was in current manufacture as late as the 1990s by Fiocchi and others and can be found for display purposes if not for firing. Thanks for your consideration. Reloading dies are available, though they are rather more expensive than more common calibers. Folks who don't know and don't care to know lump things together. You must log in or register to reply here. Get 12 Issues a year of the country's best firearms writing. Fair - 30% - 80% condition, parts, and finish may or may not be original. Hi folks, I've found what appears to be a late 1800's blank firing Postmans dog scarer pistol. Save my name and email to use for future comments. The bottom loop of the trigger kept hitting my knuckle just as the gun fired, throwing off my aim. DWM Model 1893 Borchardt Semi Auto Pistol (AH8173) $26,500.00 Serial number 1865. Classic Browning Light Twelve Auto-5 Review: Busting Clays With the Old Humpback Shotgun. Velo-Dog. In 1997, Casull Arms introduced an updated and very well made version of the Velo-Dog revolver style in .22 LR, the Model CA2000. Belgian Velo-Dog 22LR Revolver - Used in Fair Condition I'd say the guy on the Gun Values board gave you the right range to expect. Velo 6.35 mm Mini Pocket Revolver with Holster. Ref.#VP.1 To be a true Velo-Dog revolver it must be chambered for the 5.7 Velo-Dog cartridge. Most everyone has rode a bicycle at one time or another. It may not display this or other websites correctly. ONE IS JESUS CHRIST, FOR YOUR SOUL, AND THE OTHER IS THE AMERICAN SOLDIER, FOR YOUR FREEDOM. We take all the hassle out of selling your gun. Value, depending upon condition, whether it works or not and if everything is original would be in the $250 to $350 range, from what I've seen at gun shows in my area. Sect.7 Licence applies or Deactivation Cert issued. velo-dog revolver - The Firing Line Forums Showing 1-36 of 126 results. The ejector pin would be drawn forward, then pivoted to the side to allow empty cases to be pushed out when the loading gate was opened. The number 6851 is stamped on the top flat of the barrel. Double action with internal hammer and manual safety. As the buyer, you should be aware of possible: . I know nothing, but interested. The scallop type cylinder flutes are a fingerprint of Belgian revolvers- and somewhere on the rear of the cylinder is likely a Belgian proof mark, similar to these: What we have here is failure- to communicate. Belgian Mini-Revolver (Video) - Forgotten Weapons Lot 2171 Dessard Belgian Folding-Trigger Tip-Up Revolver in Pipe Casing Serial no 1440 $3,093.75 04/25/2005 Lot 775 Francotte Hammerless Pocket Double Action Revolver Gold Inlaid Serial no 3635 $1,589.00 04/24/2006 Lot 359 Janssen Sons & Co. Belgian Vest Pocket Revolver + Traveling Case Antique Pistols, Handguns, & Revolvers - Antique Gun Shop | Down East . The cartridge, which is a centerfire .22 of slightly less power than a .22 Long Rifle, was responsible for a change in the NRA Pistol Rules. Unloaded it weighs a mere 7.9 ounces, with an overall length of 5-1/4 and a 1-3/4 barrel. If it WAS made there, then by law it is supposed to be stamped with at least some of the proof marks C3 has shown. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Belgian and Spanish guns also frequently had a manual safety that prevented the trigger from moving. In 2022 a new or used Galand Velo-Dog Revolver value varies depending on supply and demand. Velo-Dog revolver by Jaques Mussen-Lallamand probably. Velo-Dog revolvers were manufactured in France, Belgium, Spain, Russia and other countries in numerous versions, often with . Good old Col Charlie was always looking for an edge, so he had a Woodsman converted to centerfire and shortened Velo Dog brass to LR length. Can take months to sell your gun privately, Trusted retailers will pay you for your gun, You don't know who you're selling to, or if they'll rip you off, I'ts totally free to get a cash offer on your gun, It costs money to place ads to sell your gun, and it takes a lot of time, Easy online paperwork and registration process for your safe and legal payout, You have to trust the buyer to pay you, and trust that you're following the law, There are no questions related to Galand Velo-Dog Revolver, There are no problems related to Galand Velo-Dog Revolver. The Velodog was a French design by Charles-Franois Galand specifically made for carry by cyclists to defend themselves against dogs. Later model Velo-Dog type made by HDH (model name: Lincoln-Bossu). I used a charge of 1.6gr of Universal powder, based on my experience loading .251 TCR and .25 ACP. There are even people who call every handgun a revolver, even if it's a semi-auto. Because of their high value, many fakes have been made over . Arms catalogues of 1900 1911 etc listed them that way. Must function properly and shoot. If your gun is on the list you do not need a licence to own it as a 'curio' or 'ornament'. I attributed this to my large fingers, but later realized I was holding the gun wrong, and by shifting my grip upwards slightly it would not longer do that which will doubtless improve my accuracy. His son Rene registered the 'Velo Dog' trademark in Liege 1904. Up Next we have a British Velo Dog Revolver Chambered in .32 It is a 5 Shot Revolver with a Folding Trigger, and a 1 . Exterior metal is greyish and the cylinder is still blue . 20th Century Europe VELODOG Style Pocket Revolver - Guns International This is a neat piece. MANUFACTURE 1900 TO EARLY TEENS. The Velo-Dog was a pocket revolver originally created in France by Charles-Franois Galand in the late 19th century as a defense for cyclists against dog attacks. Product lines ran from copies of firearms by established manufacturers including Smith & Wesson, to derringers and pepperbox pistols, small spur-trigger and folding-trigger pocket revolvers and "Velo Dog" pistols. See Sold Price. Other than Wikipedia. These small revolvers were made in such numbers and by so many makers that if a gun is unmarked (as many were) we must rely on features and fine details to identify the maker. Brass case, boxer primed. June 12, 2022. how old is tova borgnine son . While there WAS a centerfire 5.5 mm cartridge called the Velo-dog, these tiny revolvers do not have a cylinder long enuff for that . Most of nickel finish left on frame. ), Muzzleloading Modern & Replica Pistols (flint), Muzzleloading Modern & Replica Pistols (perc), United States Patent Firearms Revolvers/Pistols, Century Arms International (CAI) - Shotguns. Rare Velo Dog .25 cal revolver for sale - Guns International It is 4-1/2" overall with a 1-3/4" barrel. Mechanism needs repair or adjustment. Related Items: HORNADY 338 RCM 225gr SST 20rd BOX OBSOLETE AMMO 577/450 MARTINI-HENRY 480gr PP BULLET 5rd BAG Front folding trigger. Mainly they retained the loading and unloading mechanism that consisted of a hollow cylinder pin with an ejector-rod running down the center of it and a loading-gate on the right side of the frame. velo-dog revolver Handguns: General Handgun Forum : The Firing Line Forums > Hogan's Alley > Handguns: General Handgun Forum: velo-dog revolver . Velo-Dog revolvers came in all levels of finish, from sometimes crude offerings from Eibar to fancy nickle-plated and engraved examples such as this one. SOLD - $485.00. Revive your antique guns On average, a Velodog revolver in good condition can be worth anywhere between $200 and $400. Almost as many of us have been chased, at one time or another, by a canine while on said bicycle. The French version of Sears, Manufrance, sold their Dog-chambered models via mail order until the late 1930s for 45 francs (payable in 3 francs a month via layaway.) http://www.guns.com/2012/10/11/velo-dog-revolver/, https://forum.cartridgecollectors.org/t/the-velo-dog/23400, The Ask the Pros & What's It Worth? Bbl. Velo-dog Wikipedia Republished // WIKI 2 The most prolific production was from the turn of the 20th century to World War I. They will be prominently marked Galand Paris or Galand Liege.. Grips are excellent. Colt Baby Open Top .22 cal Revolver. and 12 ft/lbs of energy, with an extreme spread of 21 fps., just about right for close-range indoor target shooting. Overall, this Velo-Dog is in fair vintage condition with normal age-related finish wear on the barrel, cylinder, and frame. [1] The name is a portmanteau of " velocipede " and "dog". After careful examination I am reasonably sure this one was made by Mussen-Lalleman between 1908-1914, and the Belgian proof-marks on the barrel, frame and cylinder support this. The Price for a Galand Velo-Dog Revolver has increased in cost by $0.00 in 2022 compared to 2021. Cobblestone streets gave such a hard ride that early bicycles were nicknamed boneshakers. Velo-Dog pistols were initially chambered a proprietary 5.5mm Velo-Dog cartridge but later they appeared in a number of small calibres including .22 rimfire and .25ACP calibres. He shot it in NRA Centerfire in lieu of the usual .38 revolver Rules were promptly changed to require at least .32 cal in the future. $2,450.00. I think ill save myself some time, stick you on ignore, and leave this thread.. You just want to argue. "Velo Dog Revolver: Snubby snoopy sniper", "5,75x30 R/5.5 Velo-Dog/5.6 Velodog/5.6x29.5 Velodog/5.8 Velo Dog/6 mm Velodog/.225 Velodog/5.5 mm N 8/GR 646/SAA 0410/ECRA-ECDV 06 029 CBC 010", "Belgian .22 Short Mini Pocket Revolver (Velo-dog)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Velo-dog&oldid=1141397554, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, A Velo-dog makes a minor appearance as an assassin's concealable pistol in the novel, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 21:36. However, it wasn't until the 1880s and 1890s that the pedal-chain rear-wheel drive safety bicycle velocipede found favor as an efficient form of personal transportation for the general public, with the advantage that you didn't have to feed it hay and oats. Colt Baby Open Top .22 cal Revolver. There is, of course, no perceptible recoil and with these low-powered loads the report was quite mild. To get around the Galands unique cartridges some clones were made in .22 rimfire and .25 ACP, but of course, the rule of thumb in collecting Velo Dogs is that if its not chambered for the pooch, its not a Dog. The first bicycle with pedals emerged in the mid-1850s. {{#message}}{{{message}}}{{/message}}{{^message}}Your submission failed. Second generation velo dogs, and surely third generation designs, may have been only cousins of the original but might still be included in the extended velo dog family. probably. Blued, with . Item # 12415636 at . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Pre-Owned - Velo Dog 6.35 Cal 1.7" Revolver 11 - The Sporting Shoppe at The Kolb Baby Hammerless An American Velo-Dog The Velo-Dog was designed to be used in defence against wild dog attacks when the user . They were originally developed by Charles-FranoisGalandand his sonRen. Bicycles could not be bothered to carry a large firearm for self-defense and to keep revolver as small as possible, Galand designed it to have a folding trigger and no trigger guard, thus keeping the profile of the gun slim and snag-less. Coat this section with soldering flux and gently tap it into a section of 1/4 diameter thin-walled brass tube. The name is a compound word composed of 'velocipede ' and 'dog'. British Velo Dog .32 Revolver Folding Trigger - Sep 21, 2019 | Brand The overall condition is good with rust on the frame & barrel and cracked on the right grip. RNL bullets from some .22 Short cartridges, and simply pressed them into the cartridge with my thumb until they were firmly in place. The Galand company produced their Velo Dog style revolvers from 1894-1940 in their proprietary 5mm chambering. The Velo Dog design proved so popular with consumers that the design was eventually scaled up to chamber both .25 and .32 (7.65mm) auto cartridges for defense against two-legged assailants.
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