In November 1941, it became a "labor education" camp, administered by the German Security Police. By the end of the war at least 110,000 were deported there, including Jewish detainees and Soviet prisoners of war. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him She kicked me so hard that I fell. [14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. Other inmates labored in local brickyards, in private industrial enterprises, in agriculture, or in the camp's own workshops. On this date in 1946, officials of Soviet-occupied Poland publicly hanged eleven convicted war criminals of the Stutthof concentration camp. Stutthof | Holocaust Encyclopedia [3] Gassing with Zyklon B began in June 1944. I PROMISE. The perpetrators used these locations for a range of purposes, including forced labor, detention of people deemed to be "enemies of the state," and mass murder. The second trial was held from 8 October to 31 October 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulf aircraft factory was constructed at Stutthof. SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was put on trial by a British military court in Germany but not for the crimes committed at Stutthof; only as the commandant of the Neuengamme concentration camp in Hamburg. Identification of inmates in German concentration camps In total, of the approximately 2,000 SS men and women who ran the entire camp complex, 72 SS officers and six female overseers were brought to justice. Babysitter 'with black heart' filmed herself sexually abusing toddler before sending video to her paedophile lover, Piers Morgan slams 'disgusting' 500 parking charges for NHS staff as Grant Shapps admits 'something's gone wrong'. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since Stutthof was completely encircled by Soviet forces. If I ever meet up with you I WILL kill you. [3] Most of the infrastructure of the concentration camp was either destroyed or dismantled shortly after the war. They were publicly hanged before a large crowd, estimated at several thousand, at 5.00 p.m. on July 4th, 1946 at Biskupia Gorka hill near Danzig. Poland held four trials in Gdask against former guards and kapos of Stutthof, charging them with crimes of war and crimes against humanity. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. I wish many more Nazis suffered the same fate. Thousands of SS guards were granted transfers from camps to field service, said Stefan Hrdler, yet Dey had remained at Stutthof until April 1945. The only survivor who gave evidence in person to the Furchner trial, Josef Salomonovic, described it as the worst of eight concentration camps he was forced to endure. . In June 2022, a 101-year-old former guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin) was sentenced to five years in prison. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. The camp in Nazi-occupied Poland was opened on September 2, 1939, one day after the German . Set up immediately upon Germanys September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. Efraim Zuroff is the Center's "Nazi Hunter-in-Chief." He defended the need to prosecute such crimes more than seventy years after the event, saying "The passage of time in no way . After the war a number of war crimes trials took place called the Stutthof Trials, and following these there were a number of executions. Marching in severe winter conditions and treated brutally by SS guards, thousands died during the march. Stutthof | Holocaust Ten were sentenced to death. Koch told the court the shades were goatskin, and prosecutors at the trial found there was no evidence to prove they were human flesh. The 92-year-old Israeli citizentraveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murderat Stutthof from 1944 to 1945. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. Erected in 1939, it saw two horrific epidemics of typhus kill thousands of its already dying population in 1942 and 1944. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Nazi Territorial Aggression: The Anschluss, Ministry of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. In early 1945 he survived a "death march" to the west after being freed by the Red Army. The Belsen Trial heard that she beat an 18-year-old girl for eating peelings in the kitchen and, when others protested, she told them, "I will beat her to death." Female Nazi concentration camp secretary charged with complicity in Selection of monographs in PDF, Memorial to the Victims of the Stutthof Concentration Camp, Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Zbrodnie hitlerowskie w obozie koncentracyjnym Stutthof: liczba ofiar w wietle rde i bada: prba bilansu, SS Main Economic and Administrative Office, International Youth Meeting Center in Owicim/Auschwitz, Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_concentration_camp&oldid=1141333869, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles needing additional references from December 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Matzkau in Makowy (now within city limits of Gdask), This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 14:55. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. The town of Sztutowo (Polish name for ' Stutthof') lies 55km east of Gdask and is easily accessed by both car and bus. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. Koryski was taken from Lithuania to Stutthofin 1944, when he was 16 years old. Gas chambers had been in operation in Nazi death camps since 1942 in German-occupied Poland but it was not until June 1944 that Zyklon B gas was used at Stutthof. Even then, she continued kicking me, then walked away and left me there.. The well known Nuremberg Trials were only concerned with concentration camps as evidence for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the Third Reich leadership. [7], In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since the camp was completely encircled by Soviet forces. BERLIN (AP) A 92-year-old former SS private will go on trial this fall in Germany on 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murder, accused of helping the Nazis' Stutthof concentration camp She showed no hesitation in beating her victims to death and displayed no remorse when selecting women and children for the gas chambers. Koryski told the court it "was no secret" that people were being killed in the camp's gas chamberbefore being burned, because of the smell that spread through the barracks. 1939: 250 Polish citizens and P.O.W. "I was first in Stutthof in August '43 for close to a month and then two other [camps] before I returned at the end of 1944 for a second time," he told the BBC. [35][36], Another Nazi camp guard, Bruno Dey, from Hamburg was charged in October 2019 of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. 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The third trial was held from 5 November to 10 November 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Many were former waitresses, cooks, and hairdressers who job postings in the newspaper. The EVIL Female Guards Of Stutthof Concentration Camp Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. American survivor Asia Shindelman, who testified via video link, said she had been taken there with her parents, uncle and grandmother and witnessed prisoners being thrown by guards into electrified fences. She earned a horrific legacy and nickname despite only working for a year. Why Germany Prosecutes the Aged for Nazi Roles It - The New York Times National Socialism was RIGHT and we will return and we will remember things like this, so lowlife like you had better beware.. Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44,000 camps and other incarceration sites (including ghettos). Stutthof was the first Nazi concentration camp to be established on Polish soil, and the last to be dissolved, it grew from 4 to 120 hectares, from 250 prisoners to a maximum of 52,000 prisoners at one time, the SS staff and guards numbered 1,056 on 1 January 1945. Former Stutthof prisoners volunteered to serve as executioners for the public hanging on July 4, 1946. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was. Nicknamed 'Beautiful Spectre', she was infamous for her brutal treatment of the prisoners. In 2017, the prosecution of two former Stutthof camp guards from Borken and Wuppertal commenced. Initially, in Auschwitz, the camp numbers were sewn on the clothes; with the increased death rate, it became difficult to identify corpses, since clothes were removed from corpses.Therefore, the medical personnel started to write the numbers . Another prisoner said Bormann grabbed another female prisoner by the hair, threw her to the ground and ordered dogs to bite her so severely that she was a mass of blood. The woman died at the scene. Theres more about Stutthofs history at the Holocaust Research Project, and at the current memorial facilitys home page. It was approximately 36 km east of the city of Gdansk, where the Visla river flows into the Baltic Sea. Camp's Commandant Johann Pauls - death by hanging 2. The 99-year-old was under investigation over suspected complicity in the murders that took place at the Ravensbrck Nazi concentration camp, where tens of thousands of women were killed. She also beat her on the face and head with her fists, and when the woman fell to the ground she trampled on her. Tragiczny los ydowskich winiarek z Baukomando Weichsel, "Ermittlungen gegen frheren KZ-Wachmann aus Wuppertal", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "German court suspends trial of ex-SS death camp guard", "Prozess gegen frheren SS-Wachmann steht vor dem Aus", "Holocaust trial: Former Stutthof guard on trial in Germany", "Former Concentration Camp Guard Convicted in Germany", "Nazi Stutthof camp secretary flees as German trial starts", "Former Nazi camp secretary goes on trial over murders of 11,000 people", "Itzehoe: Ehemalige KZ-Sekretrin vor Prozessbeginn geflohen", "Imrgard Furchner: Nazi typist guilty of complicity in 10,505 murders", "97-year-old former Nazi secretary sentenced for involvement in more than 10,000 murders", Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Execution of concentration camp guards at Biskupia Gorka, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_trials&oldid=1135657965, This page was last edited on 26 January 2023, at 01:03. . The camp staff consisted of SS guards and, after 1943, Ukrainian auxiliaries. He was executed by long-drop hanging by Albert Pierrepoint in Hamelin Prison on October 8, 1946. She also personally hanged young female prisoners and beat two women to death with a leather whip. Edited by G. ukomski, G. Kucharski. Found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to death. Female Nazi war criminals. Graphic! | Pro Death Penalty.com - ProBoards It is estimated that around 65,000 people were murdered during the Holocaust in the Stutthof concentration camp, near the Polish city now called Gdansk. Thirty-four female guards including Becker, Bothe, Steinhoff, Paradies, and Barkmann were identified later as having committed crimes against humanity. Women were needed, especially to oversee womens camps like at Ravensbruck. The Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court found all of them guilty of the charges. Manfred Goldberg was 13 when he was sent to Stutthof concentration camp near the coast of the Baltic Sea in August 1943. [1] 4,000 prisoners, including Jewish women and children, were killed in a gas chamber before the evacuation of the camp. Medycyna na usugach systemu eksterminacji ludnoci w Trzeciej Rzeszy i na terenach okupowanej Polski. Former SS guard stands trial on murder accessory charges, Germany: 92-year-old former SS guard to face trial, Former Nazi concentration camp guard on trial in Hamburg, UN states finally strike deal to protect high seas. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. [22] Spanner was unlikely to have "really occupied himself with the production of usable soap from human fat", and that any soap production in his laboratory was likely marginal. Images in the news broadcasts concealed his face for legal reasons. All were found guilty and eleven were sentenced to death, including the Commandant Johann Pauls. In 1945, she was captured by the American forces after attempting to flee to Bavaria. But the former nurse became known as the Sadist of Stutthof due to the vicious beatings she meted out to inmates at the camp, in Nazi-occupied Poland. [33] In February 2019 the trial of a defendant matching this description (whom Reuters reported could not be named for legal reasons) was halted after a medical report was issued stating that the defendant was unfit to stand trial, the trial already having been suspended since the previous December. Who is Buffalo Allina Clinic shooting suspect Gregory Ulrich and who are the victims? The first prisoners arrived in the camp on September 2nd. Herta Bothe was a Nazi concentration camp guard at Ravensbrck-stutthof and Bergen-Belsen. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on July 4th 1946. Austrian Maria Mandl was one of the most notorious SS officers at Auschwitz, where she personally sent over 500,000 female prisoners to the gas chamber. [7], On 5 May 1945, a barge full of starving prisoners was towed into harbour at Klintholm Havn in Denmark where 351 of the 370 on board were saved. The land was very wet, almost at sea level. Thousands were taken to the Baltic Sea where they were executed, and many more were killed by the brutal SS guards and officers. Arraigned 27 ex-officials and guards were judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask. [2], Nine SS men and the Kapo Nikolaysen were executed on October 28, 1948:[4], The third trial was held from November 5, 1947, to November 10, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. From Gdask bus station, board the number 870 bus marked either 'Sztutowo' or 'Krynica Morska' from Platform 2 (Note that the service varies on . (06.11.2018), The man is accused of being complicit in the deaths of 5,230 inmates during a period of almost a year working as a guard at the Stutthof concentration camp. As the Nazis consolidated their power in the 1930s, many younger people like Barkmann became enthralled by the Fuhrer and joined the Hitler Youth and other equivalents. Although Bruno D. is 93, he is being tried in a juvenile court because he was 17 in August 1944 when he started working as a guard at Stutthof, set up by the Nazis in the territory of the former Free City of Danzig, now known as Gdansk and part of modern Poland. Irmgard Furchner, a stenographer and typist for the SS commander of the Stutthof concentration camp in modern-day Poland, was accused of being a key member of a death camp that murdered. The girl was later declared dead by camp doctors. At the time of her hanging, Barkmann was 25 years old. The trial is set to begin in October. The initiative for the foundation of SS companies dealing in building materials from concentration camps originated in 1937 with regional SS officials in Thuringia, especially the state's Interior Minister Hellmuth Gommlich []. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. When Jenny Barkmann arrived in 1944, she quickly proved herself to be a perfect Nazi guard. [1] Another method of execution practiced in Stutthof was lethal injection of phenol. Hitler shot his brains out in despair. Stutthof concentration camps women forced labor death marches. Six Polish prisoners, known as kapos, who oversaw forced labor within the camp. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him | The 99-year Prosecutors say he was a "cog" in Nazi Germany's "murderous machinery." This was conflated with the separate debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, which circulated during the war, and thereafter used as proof of this during the Nuremberg trials. The 92-year-old Israeli citizen traveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murder at Stutthof from 1944 to. S tutthof is 34 km from Danzig and was the first concentration camp created by the Nazis outside of the country of Germany (September 2nd. The Executions of Nazi Stutthof camp SS female guards and kapos by former camp prisoners ThePastQuest 96K views 7 months ago Execution of Maria Masha Bruskina by nazi publicly hanging at. The camp was situated along the Danzig-Elbing highway on the way to the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Krynica Morska. Any woman, even without work experience, could become a concentration camp guard. There she became known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her brutal beatings of prisoners. [23][22], Polish historians and employees at the IPN; Monika Tomkiewicz and Piotr Semkw, reached similar conclusions. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann - Europe Remembers The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. She died in 1989. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. Bruno D, former Nazi SS concentration camp guard, convicted in - CNN Entry Filed under: 20th Century,Capital Punishment,Concentration Camps,Death Penalty,Execution,Germany,Hanged,History,Mass Executions,Mature Content,Occupation and Colonialism,Poland,Public Executions,Russia,USSR,War Crimes,Women, Tags: 1946, bischofschugel, biskupia gorka, danzig, elisabeth becker, ewa paradies, fascism, franciszek szopinski, gdansk, gerda steinhoff, holocaust, jan breit, jenny wanda barkmann, johann pauls, joseph reiter, july 4, kapos, nazi, naziism, stolzenberg, stutthof, sztutowo, tadeus kopczynski, waclaw kozlowski, wanda klaff, world war ii. Karl Koch was hanged in 1944, for embezzling millions from wealthy Germans and, in 1950, Ilse was jailed for life in Germany, for war crimes. Photo by Polish authorities (4 July 1946). She was recorded to have been 6ft 3 and known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her merciless beatings of female prisoners. But the few that took pleasure from the horrors within the walls of the camps proved the female of the species really can be deadlier than the male. Many drowned along the way. In the last year of the Second World War, Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was a young SS-guard in the German concentration camp Stutthof. A 99-year-old who was being investigated on suspicion of complicity in murder as a former Nazi camp guard has died, ending the case against him, German prosecutors said Tuesday. Nazi concentration camp in present-day Sztutowo, Poland, "Stutthof" redirects here. Read about our approach to external linking. Stutthof was the first concentration camp the Nazis ever built outside of Germany's borders. [5] It is estimated that between 63,000 and 65,000 prisoners of Stutthof concentration camp and its subcamps died as a result of murder, starvation, epidemics, extreme labour conditions, brutal and forced evacuations, and a lack of medical attention. Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. The 93-year-old faces 5,230 counts of accessory to murder. [7][8] Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. [10], Among the notable female guard personnel were: Elisabeth Becker, Erna Beilhardt, Ella Bergmann, Ella Blank, Gerda Bork, Herta Bothe, Erna Boettcher, Hermine Boettcher-Brueckner, Steffi Brillowski, Charlotte Graf, Charlotte Gregor, Charlotte Klein, Gerda Steinhoff, Ewa Paradies, and Jenny-Wanda Barkmann. Stutthof was a concentration camp in an isolated, marshy, and forested region near the village of Stutthof east of Danzig. Washington, DC 20024-2126 [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. Conditions in the camp were brutal. Barkmann, Paradies, Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff (left to right) executed Jenny-Wanda Barkmann (c.1922 - July 4, 1946) was a Nazi concentration camp guard. [19][20][21], Historian Joachim Neander argued that, contrary to some claims made in the previous years, what the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) calls the "chemical substance which was essentially soap"[22] was the byproduct of Spanner's bone maceration processes done to create anatomical models at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, where he worked and which was not part of the Stutthof camp. Dave, The second trial was held from October 8, 1947, to October 31, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. [citation needed], Conditions in the camp were extremely harsh;[16] tens of thousands of prisoners succumbed to starvation and disease. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a vast network of forced-labor camps; 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central German-occupied Poland. Herta Bothe a camp guard, called "Sadist of Stutthof". Concentration camp guard, 93, given suspended sentence in German case - CBC [37] On 23 July 2020, he was given a two-year suspended sentence by the court in Hamburg. The first trial of Stutthof criminals took place in 1946 in Gdansk, with Barkmann standing trial alongside 13 other defendants: During the trial, Barkmann flirted with guards, obsessed over her hair, and inappropriately giggled at times. Stutthof Concentration Camp (Poland) - JewishGen Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him. He was executed November 8 in Wloclawek[7][8]. Of the 55,000 guards who worked in the Third Reichs concentration camps, 3,700 were women, many of who were volunteers. After being tracked down by Nazi hunter Simon Weisenthal, in 1973, she was retried and jailed for life by a Dusseldorf court. It was not until 2017 that he returned to Stutthof as part of a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales and discovered to his surprise that the camp's gas chambers were still intact. [12], The first 150 inmates, imprisoned on 2 September 1939, were selected among Poles and Jews arrested in Danzig immediately after the outbreak of war. Inside of the barbed wire fences, horror and brutality was administered by the SS. "It was a practical impossibility that [Furchner] could make her way into the camp from her home without knowing what was going on there.". Some prisoners worked in SS-owned businesses such as the German Equipment Works (DAW), located near the camp. A Guide to Female Nazi Guards - Holocaust Matters One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. Former Nazi death camp secretary, 96, found after going 'on the run' As I was lying on the ground she kept kicking. The infamous main entrance to Stutthof became known as the Death Gate, Irmgard Furchner was given a two-year suspended jail term for complicity in murder, Zigi Shipper and Manfred Goldberg came from different countries but were able to communicate in Yiddish, Nazi typist guilty of complicity in 10,500 murders, Harry: I always felt different to rest of family, Chris Rock jokes about Oscars slap in Netflix show, Everything Everywhere wins big ahead of Oscars, PM to end asylum claims from small boat arrivals, US-made cheese can be called 'gruyere' - court, Mbappe breaks PSG goal record in win over Nantes.
