RADM Hart Jr., new Battle Group Commander, made his first . Vol. Ombudsmen may publish or contribute to command newsletters or maintain care lines, which have recorded messages with information for command families that can be accessed 24 hours a day. Manila South Harbor, Philippines, 7 September 2019. In 1819 it was brought back to Erie, Pennsylvania where it was refitted and given over to the Collector of Revenue in Detroit that same year. Equipped with Aegis LEAP Intercept (ALI) computer programs and hardware, LAKE ERIE launched an SM-3 missile demonstrating third stage airframe stability and control through nominal kinetic warhead fourth stage separation. To use his advantage, Perry would need the 'weather gauge', that is, have the wind at his back so he could choose the distance of battle. The guided missile cruiser had once more deployed with the Constellation battle group. by American carronades. The primary objective of this test was to evaluate SM-3 fourth-stage Kinetic Warhead guidance, navigation and control, with extensive engineering evaluation data collected for analyses in preparation for future flight tests. Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos. RIMPAC is the world's largest multinational Missile-3 (SM-3) launches from the U.S. Navy AEGIS cruiser USS Lake LAKE ERIE entered the shipyard on November 16, 2021, for a Selected Restricted Availability (SRA). Login| Being appointed by the CO and acting as your link to the command helps the CO gain insight on the pulse of the family members and then take appropriate and timely action on issues of concern. RIMPAC is intended In June 2004, the LAKE ERIE visited Portland, Ore., to be part of the 97th Annual Rose Festival there. Ombudsmen maintain current resource files with information on military and civilian community agencies that can help families solve a variety of problems, and successfully meet the challenges they face before, during, and after deployments. for putting the TBMD technology in the hands of the warfighters in the rest of the fleet. What is the role of the COMNAVSURFPAC Force Ombudsman? Minutes later, the SM-3 intercepted a separating ballistic missile 1st Class James E. Foehl. Fleet Oiler (PM1) - Military Sealift Command which successfully destroyed a malfunctioning U.S. reconnaissance satellite That was the third consecutive successful intercept in the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) program, part of the multi-layered Ballistic Missile Defense System being developed by the Missile Defense Agency. Peru, Republic of Korea, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. The mission also included the first fully operational SM-3 with a live Solid Divert and Attitude Control System to steer the KW into the target. Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser USS Lake Erie (CG 70) completed contractor sea trials on after a nearly two-year fleet absence following the ship's maintenance availability period, Sept. 8. U.S.S. Aegis Cruiser, and an Aries target missile launched from the Pacific February which successfully destroyed a malfunctioning U.S. reconnaissance 12 December 2003 - An SM-3 is launched from the Aegis cruiser USS It was a large blue banner with the crudely inscribed words After participating in the Battle of Lake Erie, it was used as a hospital ship for captured enemy seamen. During a deployment with the Constellation battle group in July 1997, Chosin turned over the duties of being regional Air Defense Commander to Lake Erie. [5] Contents 1 History The program, in cooperation with the U.S. Navy, has had five intercepts in the last six attempts. Lake Erie and the other ships of the Constellation battle group returned home in May. Ombudsmen can also assist families in contacting the Command for a variety of reasons. Naval Base San Diego Base Address & Phone Info | Military.com At almost 10:00 a.m., he decided Harbor after firing a single modified Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) on 20 The SM-3 is the Navy's new exo-atmospheric missile developed to counter theater ballistic missile (TBM) threats outside the atmosphere. The Ombudsman Code of Ethics is the essential foundation upon which an ombudsmans credibility is established and maintained. than half the range of long guns. The photo below was taken by me and shows the LAKE ERIE at Pearl Harbor, Hi., on March 14, 2008. CO removed from USS Lake Erie for poor command climate A Sailor may. [8][9] On 21 February 2008, at approximately 3:30 UTC, the missile was fired and later confirmed to have struck the satellite. of Coat of Arms: cruiser USS Lake Erie (CG 70) mans the rails as the ship returns Within moments of that launch, the USS LAKE ERIE also launched a Standard Missile-2 (SM-2) against a hostile air target in order to defend herself. CG-70 Deployments - Major Events . synopsis of the important battle fought by Commodore Perry and his firm The contact listed, Was the contact at the time for this ship In March 2000, the US Navy began ALI live fire tests and had successfully conducted the first Controlled Test Vehicle. guided-missile cruiser USS Lake Erie (CG 70) performs maneuvers USS Preble (DDG 88) will also leave San Diego for Hawaii this summer to From then on it was used as a cargo or merchant vessel on the Great Lakes; at last, in 1873, it was deemed unseaworthy and beached at Spring Lake near Grand Haven, Michigan (USS Porcupine (1813)). Smoking lamp is out throughout the ship.". Maintain the highest standards of professionalism. Heavy seas while in the Western Pacific in 2007. Carronades needed fewer men, could be loaded and fired faster, and their heavier caliber gave Perry a 2-1 firepower advantage at close range, but they had less than half the range of long guns. The Ombudsman serves as the liaison between the command and the families. 1st Class James E. Foehl. 3. to enhance the tactical proficiency of participating units in a wide The These were the dying words of his friend, Captain Armed Forces. During the exercises, the CONSTELLATION Battle Group . NIAGARA, mysteriously kept his ship out of the battle. The mailing address for Sailors aboard USS O'KANE is posted below: Rank/Rate First Name Last Name Division USS O'KANE (DDG 77) FPO-AP 96674-1295. Perry broke through the British line, raking the ships on both sides with heavy guns. Indo-Asia Pacific region. 126/8/1,170. I am here to assist with any support or guidance you may need. PAC JTFEX 97-1 is part of a series of exercises previously named "FLEETEX." Try the Ship's Store. Therefore, it was decided by the CNO to shift to USS LAKE ERIE to conduct the next firings in the ALI testing program. supply line was cut, and Barclay had to fight or abandon Fort Malden and Participants The test was the sixth intercept, in seven flight The photos were taken on December 27, 2014. He or she can assist families with navigating through Navy life through resources and information. USS LAKE ERIE and USS PORT ROYAL were then to conduct at sea testing, develop core doctrine and tactics, and serve as focal points Asante McCalla. of time and may or may not be correct. On November 21, 2002, LAKE ERIE launched a SM-3 missile that intercepted its target three and one-half minutes after the targets launch from the Pacific Missile Range Facility, Barking Sands, Kauai, Hawaii. Every Command has an Ombudsman who is a spouse of a sailor at the Command. If you also served aboard and you remember one of the people below you can click on . Fleet Activities Yokosuka for a scheduled port visit. Description The now unchallenged QUEEN CHARLOTTE The new name reflects the increasing focus on preparing naval forces for joint operations with other U.S. military services. threat target, launched from the Pacific Missile Range Facility, Barking belief of "Dont Give Up The Ship." LAKE ERIE (CG-70) DONT GIVE UP THE SHIP Click to view crew list . maneuver into better firing positions, rammed and locked together. the ships on both sides with heavy guns. Index, LLC intercept test of the SM-3 Block IB missile. U.S. Navy photo #071207-N-4965F-006 by Mass Communication Specialist It was the fourth in a planned series of nine developmental test flights for the SMD program. coast of the Korean peninsula. An official website of the United States government, USS LAKE ERIE COMPLETED CONTRACTOR SEA TRIALS, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. Lake Erie was built by Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine. Royal (CG 73), USS Lake Erie (CG 70), JDS Setogiri The U.S. Navy announced Jan. 7 that USS John Paul Jones (DDG 53) will swap homeports with USS Lake Erie (CG 70) this summer. | Shiloh had conducted the first ALI live firing test in September 1999 and had successfully demonstrated the launch and flight sequence through third stage separation as well as verified flight stability at extreme altitude. I havent enjoy working on a ship as much as I have on the USS LAKE-ERIE. Follow the USS Lake Erie to keep up to date with the accomplishments of the Ship, her Sailors and. On April 26, 2007, the LAKE ERIE once again launched a Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) during a joint Missile Defense Agency, U.S. Navy ballistic missile flight test. LAWRENCE and NIAGARA to engage the two largest British ships, the PEARL HARBOR, Hawaii, 26 June 2008 - The guided-missile cruiser USS of Put-in-Bay, Ohio. "Father of AEGIS," visited the ship to address the LAKE ERIE AEGIS LEAP Intercept (ALI) Team. Please contact me so that I can add you to the Ombudsman recall roster. While deployed, the ship took part in Exercise Talisman Saber and escorted aircraft carriers USS KITTY HAWK (CV 63), USS JOHN C. STENNIS (CVN 74) and USS NIMITZ (CVN 68). Ballistic missile testing afforded Port Royal and other participants an opportunity to flex the capabilities of the current Aegis weapon system against a live ballistic missile target and gave a representation of how the modified system tracks and destroys TBMs. The cruiser was the first U.S. Navy ship to be commissioned in Hawaii. Home; About HullNumber; . Long-lost ship found in Lake Huron, confirming tragic story After 1815, it was brought to Erie, Pennsylvania, burned, and sunk by the Americans;later in 1815, the Lady Prevost was raised, refitted as a merchant ship, and sold at auction ("USS Lady Prevost (1812)"). More than 2,500 distinguished USS LAKE ERIE (CG 70) History 2000 2003 The ship returned home to Hawaii on December 18, 2004. combatindex.com: CG 65 : USS CHOSIN Type Cruiser. Surface Line Week 2015 Concludes in San Diego exercise includes seven participating nations; Australia, Canada, Chile, Perry's plan was for his two brigs The SM-3 acquired, tracked and diverted toward the target, demonstrating SM-3 fourth-stage Kinetic Warhead (KW) guidance, navigation and control. Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise 2004. Perry broke through the British line, raking the ships on both sides The mailing address for Sailors - USS O'Kane (DDG 77) - Facebook 'Two years is just too long': Grieving parents await answers in 2018 The photos below were taken by Michael Jenning and show the LAKE ERIE at Naval Base San Diego, Calif., on March 2, 2019. He or she will guide you to your resources. The test was the sixth intercept, in seven flight tests, by the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense. The blue alludes to water; On May 25, 2006, a standard missile 2 (SM-2) was launched from the LAKE ERIE as part of a U.S. Navy missile defense demonstration. The trident, red for courage and valor, is a traditional The test included evaluation of the long-range need the 'weather gauge', that is, have the wind at his back so he kept his ship out of the battle. tests, by the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense, the maritime component In addition to providing referral information, Ombudsmen can facilitate communication between the Command and family members. aircraft carriers USS This is how the Navy will track your family and assess your needs during an emergency. Search for a command's Crew List| The Ombudsman is the point of contact for the families. | Help| Contact your Command Ombudsman. It was there (within the harbor at Willemstad, Curacao) that the ERIE sank on December 5, 1942, while preparations were being made to transport the vessel to a U.S. Navy repair facility. PACIFIC OCEAN, 13 February 2013 - A Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) Block The Missile Defense Agency (MDA), U.S. Pacific Command, and U.S. Navy sailors aboard the USS Lake Erie (CG 70) successfully conducted a flight test today of . If another person now is the contact, E-mail me and I will update brigs with his longer guns before Perry could get close enough to use surface, subsurface, and in the air. YOKOSUKA, JAPAN 28 February 2014 - The Ticonderoga-class guided-missile 2. Information will be published after a short review. AIS Name US GOV VESSEL 70. The ship runs great, always clean, everything always painted, and has one of the best A divisions on the water front. In March, USS LAKE ERIE took part in a two-week, anti-submarine warfare (ASW) exercise in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman (February 5 through 19). Along with the Constellation battle group, Lake Erie deployed 10 November 1994 and spent most of December in the western Pacific. At almost 10:00 a.m., he decided to engage the enemy when the wind suddenly shifted to his favor. This past year, I have had the pleasure of working with many of you, in the LEO group, and now look forward to serving you and your family in the upcoming days and months ahead. USS ARIEL (1813-Unknown) Like the USS Scorpion, the USS Ariel was built in Erie, Pennsylvania. Searchers have found a long-lost Great Lakes ship that came to a tragic end. Just before the battle opened, Perry hoisted his battle flag to the topmast. John Banigan of his command pending investigation into a "poor command climate" aboard the ship. Patch image contributed by Mike Smolinski. 6. Welcome aboard the U.S.S. Dubbed "Inspired Siren 97-2" and "Inspired Alert 97-2," the exercises incorporated both surface combatants and air components, respectively. rammed and locked together. NEW US Navy USS Lake Erie (CG-70) Hawaii Shirt ". About eight minutes later, LAKE ERIE, equipped with Aegis Lightweight Exo-tmospheric Projectile (LEAP) computer programs and equipment, and having tracked the target with the Aegis SPY-1 radar and developed a fire-control solution, launched the newly-developed SM-3. As part of a broader advancement in cooperation between the US and China, USS Lake Erie (CG 70) and the People's Liberation Army-Navy participated in training scenarios off the coast of Oahu . (CG 70) during a Missile Defense Agency and U.S. Navy test in the Pacific Ocean, 29 July 2008 - Navy ships from the United States, Canada When they saw NIAGARA coming, the DETROIT and QUEEN CHARLOTTE tried to maneuver into better firing positions, rammed and locked together. Flight Mission-2 (FM-2) involved the launch of a developmental Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) and kinetic warhead (KW) interceptor from Lake Erie and an Aries target missile launched from the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. Barclay's strategy was to soften up RIMPAC is the largest international KEEP IN TOUCH! Comments, Suggestions, E-mail Webmaster For the next two years, Lake Erie would be dedicated to conducting these critical tests. This website seeks to record and preserve the history of this unique ERIE-Class gunboat. target launched from the Pacific Missile Range Facility on the Hawaiian Command family members have an avenue to express their concerns through their Ombudsman. Sands in Kauai, Hawaii. 17,000 mph. The SM-3, part of the Aegis Weapon System intercepted a target launched from the Pacific Missile Range Facility, Barking Sands, Kauai, Hawaii at an approximate speed of 3.7 kilometers per second. Ships pictured from front to back: USS For purposes of the exercise the US submarine Topeka simulated a diesel submarine, while Lake Erie and Vandegrift rounded out the surface forces. About the Cruisers Name, about the Battle of Lake Erie: Aegis Light Exo-Atmospheric Projectile (LEAP) Intercept (ALI). The table below contains the names of sailors who served aboard the USS Lake Erie (CG 70). The CONSTELLATION Battle Group deployed on November 10, 1994, and spent most of December in the western Pacific. The DETROIT and the QUEEN CHARLOTTE were badly damaged by American carronades. also pounded the LAWRENCE, and by 2:30, four of every five men on the Navy Family Accountability and Assessment System. Nimitz (CVN 68). Put-in-Bay, Ohio. Lake Erie, Chinese Ships Conduct Search and Rescue Training In June 1942, she was ordered to the Atlantic side of the Canal and took on escort and search-and-rescue duties there. In March 2003 she was assigned to Cruiser-Destroyer Group One. cruiser USS Lake Erie (CG 70) man the rails and render honors developed by the Missile Defense Agency. While there is a limited emergency capability available against midcourse threats, there is no terminal phase capability other than the existing Patriot Advanced Capability (PAC-3). Report an offensive or inappropriate entry. On 16 May 1998 Lake Erie returned to the Persian Gulf with elements of the Constellation battle group before she concluded her tour in the 5th Fleet with a joint-combined exercise with military forces from Pakistan. Dubbed Her keel was laid on 6 March 1990 and she was launched on 13 July 1991. The DETROIT opened the battle at to USS Arizona Register and add yourself to the Crew List of the USS Lake Erie (CG 70), Report an offensive or inappropriate entry, GREAT TIME. USS LAKE ERIE's homeport in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, made the ship's participation in tests at the Pacific Missile 6. It has been a pleasure so far to see what this Ship can do with all the minor problems that occur with our Schedule. Back to the USS Lake Erie (CG 70) page|Crew List main page| To use his advantage, Perry would The purpose of this four-day training mission was to exercise the joint-combined naval and air capabilities of both countries, improve their respective levels of readiness and interoperability, and enhance military relations between the two nations. The Ombudsman is the point of contact for the families. Find Your Shipmates . The following users contributed to this datasheet: A few minutes after launch, the SM-3 intercepted its target and successfully completed its mission. What is an IA assignment or tour? If you also served aboard and you remember one of the people below you can click on the name to send an email to the respective sailor. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); There are 271 crew members registered for the USS Lake Erie (CG 70). wind advantage was with the British. in the Pacific Ocean. Lake Erie and Port Royal were then to conduct at sea testing, develop core doctrine and tactics, and serve as focal points for putting the TBMD technology in the hands of the warfighters in the rest of the fleet. If you are new to the ship; Welcome Aboard! Navybuddies.com Crew List - Reunite with old US Navy Buddies cruiser USS Lake Erie (CG 70), homeported in Pearl Harbor, enters The fast-attack submarine was, at the time, conducting an "emergency ballast tank blow," a procedure used to bring subs to the surface in the event of an emergency, although in this case it was used for training, on a one-day cruise with 16 military and civilian guests. USS LAKE ERIE is the 24 th Guided Missile Cruiser equipped with the AEGIS weapons system and the eighth TICONDEROGA - class cruiser built by Bath Iron Works in Maine. Adam Pacetti ET2 (SW). 2nd Class Paul D. Honnick. I don't know what ship you guys are talking about, but I can't wait to get off of here. In 1821, the Porcupine returned to the U.S. Navy but remained inactive until sold four years later. USS Lake Erie (CG-70), a currently-serving Ticonderoga -class cruiser. and NIAGARA to engage the two largest British ships, the DETROIT and With the American Fleet on the lake, the British NIAGARA and sailed toward the British line. This will enable you to receive ship updates and other useful resources that will come in handy. Pacific Rim region. Welcome aboard the U.S.S. The Force Ombudsman provides oversight and guidance for all the Surface Ship's Ombudsmen in the Pacific Fleet Area of Responsibility. But its all good. If you have been onboard for a while and you are not receiving information from me via email, I would ask that you contact me so I can update my records. Barclay's strategy was to soften up the American SAN DIEGO The Navy has relieved the commander of a guided-missile cruiser after an investigation into poor command climate on the ship. Gonyo). [7], On 14 February 2008 the U.S. Department of Defense announced that as part of Operation Burnt Frost Lake Erie and two other ships would attempt to hit the failed satellite USA-193 in the north Pacific just prior to burn up during a period after 20 February using a modified SM-3 missile. President George W. Bush decided to bring down the satellite The two missiles collided several hundred kilometers from Kauai at an altitude of approximately 137 kilometers. About the Ship's Coat of Arms: Perry maneuvered his fleet, but was unable to gain the weather gauge. of the Pacific (RIMPAC) 2008. Seemed like they would never end. include the United States, Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, the Netherlands, In early August 1997 Lake Erie was involved in two major Theater Ballistic Missile Defense (TBMD) exercises in the Persian Gulf named Arabian Skies. Contact your Command Ombudsman. Had one of the best crews of DCmen and HTs on the waterfront. Find the perfect submarine lake stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. I could've never become the sailor I wanted to be! Available for both RF and RM licensing. About the Cruisers Name, about the Battle of Lake Erie: Bonhomme Richard (LHD 6). That was the fourth successful intercept for the sea-based element of the BMDS. She is the second ship to bear the name. Ready Around the Clock | Proceedings - August 2000 Vol. 126/8/1,170 Sailors on board both ships were also to provide early feedback to the technical community and influence the final design of the TBMD system. [12][13], On 30 November 2017, Lake Erie arrived in Pearl Harbor following a seven-month deployment to the Indo-Asia-Pacific region and the Persian Gulf.[14]. approximately 247 kilometers (133 nautical miles) over the Pacific Ocean and their families and friends on board Naval Station Pearl Harbor for to engage the enemy when the wind suddenly shifted to his favor. USS Lake Erie Completes Contractor Sea Trials. I enjoy sanding down the paint and re-painting. The fishing vessel, named EHIME MARU, rapidly flooded and sank within 10 minutes in 1,800 feet of water. that had been launched from the Pacific Missile Range Facility at Barking Length 173 m. The first week of the exercises took place in the southern Persian Gulf. Successful Linebacker sea trials at the Pacific Missile Range, Kauai, Hawaii took place in the fall of 1998. NTAG Southwest. Just before the battle opened, Perry hoisted his battle flag to the Previous MDA / U.S. Navy ballistic missile tests have utilized the Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) to intercept threats in the midcourse phase of flight, outside the Earth's atmosphere. USS Lake Erie (CG 70) Crew List. 0 users currently logged in and 131 visitors active. John Banigan was relieved of his duties as commanding. Lake Erie is the 24th guided missile cruiser equipped with the AEGIS weapons system and is the eighth Ticonderoga-class cruiser built by Bath Iron Works. USS LAKE ERIE Navy Apparel Store | Prep Sportswear Select the period (starting by the reporting year): precomm 1992 Missile Defense flight tests were against unitary (non-separating) targets. In March 2000, the US Navy began ALI live fire tests and had successfully conducted the first Controlled Test Vehicle. newest contact if more than one contact was found. Lake Erie as part of the Missile Defense Agency's latest Ballistic 4. Unfortunatly your browser is out of date. Gulf, on January 11, 1995. her guns were out of action. the SM-3 fourth-stage Kinetic Warhead (KW) guidance, navigation and In the medium command category, USS Cowpens (CG 63) took first place, USS Lake Champlain (CG 57) placed second, and USS Lake Erie (CG 70) finished in third place. Perry's flagship was named. Observed numerous evolutions including crash-back, 50cal fire, SeaWiz fire, 5inch fire and Helo ops. Like many of the American fleet, the USS Porcupine was built in Erie, Pennsylvania in early 1813. USS LAKE ERIE (CG 70), FPO, AP 95481 School Address USS LAKE ERIE (CG 70) FPO, AP 95481 Store Home Men Women Youth Jerseys Hats Premium Face Masks Applique Clearance Get your Navy Gear Men's Women's Shop your USS LAKE ERIE Apparel Store for the latest selection of USS LAKE ERIE Navy Fan Gear! Carronades needed U.S. Navy photo #040702-N-4304S-006 by Photographer's Mate 2nd Class The He or she will guide you to your resources. USS Lake Erie (CG 70) - Navy Site If you are new to the ship; Welcome Aboard! is underway in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of responsibility supporting WATERS TO THE SOUTH OF THE KOREAN PENINSULA, 17 March 2014 - The Ticonderoga-class As the USS Lake Erie (CG-70) transited outbound through the Strait of Hormuz on 5 November 1999, I reflected on our just completed . Website https://www.cnic.navy.mil/regions/cnrsw/installations/navbase_san_diego.html . weaverda@netzero.com. The BMDS test included evaluation of the long-range surveillance and tracking capabilities of two Navy ships, the effective communications between the ships and command and control units in Colorado, and the launch of the SM-3 interceptor. It was over in only 15 minutes; the British struck Taken by When the nine American ships sailed from Put-in-Bay at 7:00 a.m., the wind advantage was with the British. PACIFIC OCEAN, 15 May 2013 - A Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) Block 1B interceptor A short-range target was launched from the Pacific Missile Range Facility in Hawaii. Webmaster. PDF Department of The Navy Lake Fpo The photos below were taken by Michael Jenning and show the LAKE ERIE at Naval Base San Diego, Calif., on October 2, 2015. And, it was there that her hulk was salvaged and (on December 9, 1952) was towed to her last resting place, in 300 fathoms of water, just a few miles off the coast of Curacao.Many men proudly served aboard the ERIE from her commissioning through the day that she sank in Willemstads inner harbor. The photo below was taken by Sebastian Thoma and shows the LAKE ERIE at the NASSCO Shipyard San Diego, Calif., on November 28, 2021. commander was killed or wounded. Lake Erie is underway in the U.S. 7th The DETROIT opened the battle at approximately 11:45 a.m. At 12:30, when Perry opened fire, he thought he had the advantage, but Jesse D. Elliot, Commanding Officer of the NIAGARA, mysteriously kept his ship out of the battle. Whether good or bad i enjoyed every minute of it, in retrospect that is. USS LAKE ERIE made another appearance in the news in February 2008, when the U.S. military planned to intercept a non-functioning National Reconnaissance Office satellite which was in its final orbits before entering the earth's atmosphere.
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