the late 1930s through the 1950s, Duke Ellington was one of the premier swing band The Cotton Club, Harlem, New York City, early 1930s. But on performance day, this band of Lab rats replaces the high-tech gizmos with trumpets, saxophones, trombones, drums and a piano. performing at the same time. This expansive eclecticism characterized much of jazz after World War II. has undergone several stylisdtic transformations, the most significant of which With no market for small-group recordings (made worse by a Depression-era industry reluctant to take risks), musicians such as Louis Armstrong and Earl Hines led their own bands, while others, like Jelly Roll Morton and King Oliver, lapsed into obscurity. This was in part due to a political organization called the Pendergast Machine which encouraged a nightclub atmosphere. Q G("CH^T)daA]yg~zN^y>.g~01D%>7dj.|K+8'9 q*U!i|O1#"v\YOGtc_GD1JL. Charlie Parkers album South of the Border illustrated the influence of this genre on a bop artist, and the Tokyo Cuban Boys, an Afro-Cuban band dating from the postWorld War II years, exemplified the musics international appeal. Jazz is America's [3] They incorporated elements of Broadway, Tin Pan Alley, ragtime, and vaudeville. GILLESPIE: Koko (1945). Whether your event needs a small ensemble or a full big band sound, we have the professionalism and class needed for functions requiring real live music! II. His music uses Eastern rhythms, meters, and advanced rhythmic techniques. Among other popular singers of the era are Sarah Vaughan and Helen Humes. Big Bands evolved with the times and continue to this day. "C" Jam Blues (1942). Swing as Popular Music 1. Whiteman started his first band in San Francisco in 1918 and his fame spread into the 1920s. All the big bands would go up there. The moral? Swing grew out of New Orleans Jazz and the evolved into Bebop. The swing era is thought to be the best time to consider big band music as a concept for music fans. trumpet. Big bands started as accompaniment for dancing. the following instruments: The The music business suffered during the Great Depression. ragtime . a) Henderson's big band comprises five brass instruments (three trumpets and two trombones), four reed instruments (saxophones and clarinets), and a rhythm section consisting of piano, bass, freedom vs. chaos. Swing bands featured a large ensemble of art form--a unique blending of West African and Western European/American As swing developed, the second player became responsible for most of the jazz solos. At these venues, which themselves gained notoriety, bandleaders and arrangers played a greater role than they had before. Louis ARMSTRONG (1900-1971): Hotter Than That (1927). Yes drums are like the Roux or Fil in Gumbo. For the sentence below, write prepositional phrase and underline the preposition. While drum sets are typically used for this important task in swing music, single drums can also do the trick if theyre played with precision. until you reach This form maintains the same chord In the 1950s, Stan Kenton referred to his band's music as "progressive jazz", "modern", and "new music". Thats what makes it stand out. Among all the jazz vocalists that followed, most cite her as having the most influence on their scatting style. clarinetist, In the late 1940s, progressive After the end of both bands, Basie formed his own orchestra, recruiting members from these two bands. Fueled by the non-stop nightlife under political boss Tom Pendergast, Kansas City jam sessions went on well beyond sunrise, fostering a highly competitive atmosphere and a unique music culture, attracting many bands from the Southwest known as territory bands, such as Bennie Motens orchestra and the Oklahoma City Blue Devils. Swing Shift: All Girl Bands of the 1940s. II era. In the late 1990s, there was a swing revival in the U.S. tenor saxophone. There was a considerable range of styles among the hundreds of popular bands. Duke Ellington wrote a song in 1931 titled It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing), and for a generation of music lovers those were words to live by. !/$v}5cliH_+B9W#PBY]C ::B) However, its so large that its most often placed upright next to the bassist when its being played. here to see a YouTube video on "swing" groove vs. other types of (Click and His Mother Called Him Bill, featured "Blood Count" and "Lotus Blossom," was a tribute album to . Critics and historians refer to these groups as ghost bands because of the absence of their leaders and new personnel. This exact format is employed today by the many high school and college jazz ensembles around the country as well as overseas. They gave a greater role to bandleaders, arrangers, and sections of instruments rather than soloists. NY: Penguin Books:1977. His "C" Yet, as woodwind-style instruments, they also feature a wide range of available notes and pitches. rock . A big band or jazz orchestra is a type of musical ensemble of jazz music that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. Gloria Parker had a radio program on which she conducted the largest all-girl orchestra led by a female. A prominent feature of swing music is a leading brass section, which is often provided by a trumpet. A distinctly new genre appeared in the late 1930s that to some degree bridged the differences between big band swing and bebop combos, and this was West Indian influenced music. (say, the brass section, i.e., trumpets and trombones) would play a musical phrase and then be "answered" by another section (say, the . Samplephonics Soulful Brass Constructions Sometimes bandstands were too small, public address systems inadequate, pianos out of tune. Thats intentional; the individual style of each swing band is what makes the music unique, much as the seasoning used in a particular Gumbo can make it one of a kind. "big band" backup, the most famous example, The Boogie-Woogie Bugle Boy from During the "Roaring endstream
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Only hotel-type bands such as that of Guy Lombardo and select jazz players such as Benny Goodman found consistent employment. grooves), - are described below. [28] This development may take the form of improvised solos, written solo sections, and "shout choruses". Jazz Appreciation ICQ #6 Review Guide.docx - Jazz Radio increased the fame of Benny Goodman, the "Pied Piper of Swing". Swing bands featured orchestras with sections of trumpets, saxophones, and. History of Swing Bands Timeline of African American Music Mary Lou Williams (19101981) was the first woman in jazz history to compose and arrange for a large jazz band. Later, a fifth bass trombone was often added. Her vocal command expanded to an unusual range of four octaves, and she is best known for her melodic approach to scatting. (As told to Albert Murray). Many bands from the swing era continued for decades after the death or departure of their founders and namesakes, and some are still active in the 21st century, often referred to as "ghost bands", a term attributed to Woody Herman, referring to orchestras that persist in the absence of their original leaders. However, some of the major artists, such as Ellington and Basie, provided much of the music for their orchestras themselves. As I said before, Swing music is played by Big Bands. The Classic Swing Band from Dallas uses this very instrument in every show!! Click here for a FREE preview of The Classic Swing Bands newest CD Ballroom Dance Favorites.. and the Lincoln Center Jazz Figure 2: Trumpeter Wynton Marsalis Along this historical journey, jazz has been This Later, a vocalist with piano or a small backup group. Keyboards are some of the most versatile instruments out there. Hawkins made his first recording with Fletcher Henderson and he would go on to perform throughout England and Europe. And there were also 2 different styles of Swing music. From three to five plyers on each instrument might be used. clarinetist Benny GOODMAN and Typically the most prominent shows with the earliest time slots and largest audiences have bigger bands with horn sections while those in later time slots go with smaller, leaner ensembles. Transcontinental trips often required a stop in one of these cities. of the most creative composers in the history of jazz, particularly renowned Bridging the gap to white audiences in the mid-1930s was the Casa Loma Orchestra and Benny Goodman's early band. style based on a faster, danceable beat with featured improvised solos. - a jazz choir (with or without instrumental accompaniment): Jazz combos often feature virtuoso performers, on Many bands toured the country in grueling one-night stands. Instead of just embellishing the melody, he created a whole new melody based on the songs harmony by arpeggiating the chords and adding further chord alterations and substitutions to make his solo more complex. Trumpets feature a hollow brass tube that is doubles back on itself twice. BASIE popularized "pure" jazz through a "Big Band" black jazz musicians developed an intense The Henderson band is considerably larger than most syncopated dance bands of the 1920s (eight or nine musicians). Lead players (alto sax 1, trombone 1 and trumpet 1) should be in the middle of their sections, in a direct line with one another. accompaniment (acoustic bass with piano and/or guitar). When it comes to swing music, keyboards are typically used as a harmonic element. This is where one section (say, the brass section, i.e., trumpets and trombones) would play a musical phrase and then be "answered" by another section (say, the saxes); the first phrase is the call, the answer is the response (like a musical conversation). Choose the vocabulary word that answers each riddle. Hot Swing (people like Duke Ellington) was more daring, experimental, faster, with longer improvisations, stronger rhythmic drive, and a rough blues feeling. leaders in America. of jazz Goodmans band was the first to integrate black and white musicians. And this is where the term head comes from, meaning the original melody of the song that is, its all in your head, not written down on paper. an important catalyst in the socio-political and artistic transformation of So band leaders used various arrangement techniques to keep the song interesting, such as: Tutti (all horns playing a melodic line in harmony), Soli (one section featured playing a melodic line in harmony), Shout Chorus (climatic tutti section at the end of the arrangement), Riffs (repeated short melodic and/or rhythmic pattern), Call and Response Riffs (often between the horns and the rhythm section), Solos (single person improvising usually behind a relatively simple harmonic background), Swing Music was smooth, easy-listening and simple. syllables). (, : This can be best described as "composing and Compared to Dixieland bands, swing bands used two or three times as many players and produced a fuller sound. [20] Arrangers frequently notate all or most of the score of a given number, usually referred to as a "chart". Unlike the vague term 'orchestra', writing for a big band is a little more specific with regards to the instruments and number of players at your disposal. That makes them the shrimp or Andouille sausage in the Gumbo that is swing music. Henderson and arranger Don Redman followed the template of King Oliver, but as the 1920s progressed they moved away from the New Orleans format and transformed jazz. (optional) Select some text on the page (or do this before you open the "Notes" drawer). He created his band as a vehicle for his compositions.
Jazz began in New Orleans in the such works incorporate certain elements of the jazz tradition, there is not even The major "black" bands of the 1930s included, apart from Ellington's, Hines's and Calloway's, those of Jimmie Lunceford, Chick Webb, and Count Basie. The Double Bass is shaped like other string instruments such as the guitar or violin. out of tune) notes, (4) and even a section with Armstrong's famous "scat [19], It is useful to distinguish between the roles of composer, arranger and leader. Gioia, Ted. Whiteman increased the size of his band into nearly symphonic proportion. The (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
. The Henderson band is considerably larger than most syncopated dance bands of the 1920s (eight or nine musicians). Fitzgerald was unique in her ability to render exact imitations of nearly any instrument in the band.
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