Instead, Roosevelt sought to maintain a balance of power, wherein the various Asian countries kept each other in check and no single player grew too powerful. As early as the mid-sixteenth century, interest in a canal across the Central American isthmus began to take root, primarily out of trade interests. Roosevelt immediately began to put the new corollary to work. 1901-1909: Big Stick Diplomat and Peacemaker. Some people considered him too powerful and overbearing while others regarded him as a perfect strength in credentials and character fitted for the presidency. The theory is that leaders should strive for peace while also keeping other nations aware of their military power. This is not an example Eventually, Presidents Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt softened American rhetoric regarding U.S. domination of the Western Hemisphere, with the latter proclaiming a new Good Neighbor Policy that renounced American intervention in other nations affairs. The cartoons about Theodore Roosevelt are a fun way for young people to learn about historical events and practice their analytical skills. He refused to shoot the cub and ordered its release, which resulted in the birth of the teddy bear. One of the major components of Big Stick Diplomacy was the Roosevelt Corollary. of the work written by professional essay writers. The corollary prevented the establishment of foreign bases in the Caribbean and allowed the U.S. to intervene in Latin America. Changing alliances, shifting economic needs, and power politics all meant that the United States would need to tread carefully to maintain its status as a world power. Different styles of presentation illustrate various individual agenda, and although the styles have changed throughout the centuries and decades, it is clear that todays media is less impactful than it was when such a drawing in the text was made. It shows Roosevelt as wanting the U.S. to become like a "World Constable" or international policeman helping to settle disputes among nations. The main idea of the political cartoon was to present commentary on a political figure as well as issue it . Theodore Roosevelt and the Environment Inquisitive and single-minded, TR pursued his interest in nature relentlessly it was a pursuit that would impact America's wild places for decades after . President Theodore Roosevelt's New Diplomacy, "Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick", Puck Political Cartoon, 1901. He believed Wall Street financiers and powerful trust titans to be acting foolishly. The fact is, even accounting for Romney's proposed $7.9 trillion addition to the defense budget that aims to make America's stick bigger in absolute terms, there's very little the two men are likely to do themselves to change the United States' power position relative to everyone else. | Publicity photograph for the film "The Times of Teddy Roosevelt" to be aired on the television program "The Twentieth Century" shows four cartoons featuring Theodore Roosevelt. Within a week, Roosevelt immediately recognized the new country of Panama, welcoming them to the world community and offering them the same terms$10 million plus the annual $250,000 rental feehe had previously offered Colombia. By Sidney Milkis. This can be used in class or as homework as its a completely stand alone assignment. :)Follow My TPT Store, Square Deal Speech by Teddy Roosevelt (Progressive Era) + Google Apps, Pro-Imperialism vs. Anti-Imperialism using primary source documents, Greg's Goods - Lesson Pieces - Making Learning Fun, BUNDLE of 12 Essential Primary Source Documents 11th grade U.S. HISTORY, Progressive Era and Gilded Age Curriculum Unit Bundle, Progressive Era and Imperialism in America PowerPoint Lesson, US History Part 2 PowerPoint and Guided Notes Bundle, Trustbuster Theodore Roosevelt Political Cartoon Analysis - PRINT & DIGITAL, Political Cartoon Analysis BUNDLE - 30 US History Activities - Print & Digital, Teddy Roosevelt & The Panama Revolution | Lecture PowerPoint | U.S. History, Chalk Dust Diva --- History - Social Science, Teddy Roosevelt: Foreign & Domestic Policy Political Cartoon Analysis, Upton Sinclair's The Jungle Document & Political Cartoon Analysis, Teddy Roosevelt Political Cartoon Analysis, Progressive Era & Imperialism Overlapping Eras: Roosevelt Cartoon Analysis, Progressive Era Political Cartoon Analysis Activities - US History, Progressive Era Unit Activities BUNDLE! Several attempts by France to construct a canal between 1881 and 1894 failed due to a combination of financial crises and health hazards, including malaria and yellow fever, which led to the deaths of thousands of French workers. This activity will help to increase student growth using an engaging and effective method! However, subsequent presidents would continue to reference aspects of the Roosevelt Corollary to justify American involvement in Haiti, Nicaragua, and other nations throughout the twentieth century. The figure of a great charisma in the cartoon, Theodore Roosevelt, commanded attention and respect in his ruling times as he was perceived as a powerful figure. Omissions? Introduce your students to the Progressive Era through this quick and easy newspaper project. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. Teddy Roosevelt was one American who believed a revolution was coming. The drawing is used to represent the time when Roosevelt took over America as a president and succeeded McKinley. Include in, This bundle contains three Progressive Era political cartoon activities on the following topics: Theodore Roosevelt's trustbusting, Muckraker Upton Sinclair, & Boss Tweed and Political Machines. The artist depicted an important event in the American history, which took place during Theodore Roosevelt presidency; hence acting as a testament to that by rhetorically representing significant details. Please note that only low-res files should be uploaded. I included a graphic organizer which guides students t. Activity/worksheet to supplement VA SOL USII.5 and the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Helping students analyze, Progressive Presidents Graphic Organizer Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt, Howard Taft, Woodrow WilsonVocabulary Sherman Anti-Trust ActSquare DealTheodore Roosevelt Political Cartoon AnalysisTrust Childrens BureauGifford PinchotBallinger-Pinchot Affair 1909Election of 1912Bull Moose PartyNew Freedom 3 Areas of Triple Wall of Privilege 16th Amendment Federal Reserve Act Clayton Anti-Trust ActKEY INCLUDEDSincerely,Highly effective teacherCheck out my other products to save time! President Theodore Roosevelt Shown Deploying His New Diplomacy Of 'Speak Softly And Carry A Big Stick' In Political would make the perfect addition to your home or office or gift recipient. As Roosevelt drags the steamships along with him, he appears to look like he has already made his rounds throughout the Caribbean and Central America hence impacting his influence where he felt fit. . This resource includes a snippet from The Jungle by Upton Sinclair with questions regarding the text. In what became known as " dollar diplomacy ," Taft announced his decision to "substitute dollars for bullets" in an effort to use foreign policy to secure markets and . Roosevelt walks boldly barefooted through the sea as he is regarded as wise enough to have his shoes stored to maintain their dryness for future use; this makes him come out as a man of nature as well as an outdoorsman. He was president until 1909. Weve got you covered. They preferred that no canal be built at all. Earlier, in a letter to a friend . All these were important occurrences in America that lead Roosevelt to develop the Platt Amendment to allow America to lease or buy Cuban Sites for the coaling or naval stations. Roosevelt's complex legacy includes his achievements as a progressive reformer and . For each image students describe what they see happening, then make a prediction about, PLEASE TAKE TIME TO LEAVE FEEDBACK! ), Also included in:WHOLE YEAR US HISTORY GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS Worksheets Activities APUSH Reg. The term is typically equated with the "Big Stick" ideology of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt and the globetrotting voyage of his " Great . The artist has presented him as a masculine, brave, and masculine man as he is seen holding heavy-looking stick similar to a baseball bat, but larger and brutish. Despite growing resentment from neighboring countries over American intervention in their internal affairs, as well as European concerns from afar, knowledge of Roosevelts previous actions in Colombia concerning acquisition of land upon which to build the Panama Canal left many fearful of American reprisals should they resist. Open Door Policy: John Hay's Open Door Policy through Cartoon Analysis! A 1906 Puck magazine cartoon showing President Theodore Roosevelt as an infant Hercules battling with John D. Rockefeller at right and Nelson W. Aldrich Document Based. Although it looks as if both men are happy with leaving Roosevelt's policies in the White House, Taft chose a different direction than the "big stick" policy. The Trust Buster. Pre-made digital activities. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. TEDDY ROOSEVELT CARTOON 'The Big Stick in the Caribbean Sea. The cartoon makes a bit of fun of Roosevelt . They agreed to sell land to the United States to build the canal, but in a less advantageous location than the Panamanians. Tillman's pitchfork was almost as recognizable as Roosevelt's big stick, and the two iconic symbols occasionally appeared together in cartoons. Certainly, the cartoons about Theodore Roosevelt and the teddy bear are more endearing than the cartoons about Roosevelt the Imperialist. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. I didnt forget about the Roosevelt Corollary. A cartoon from 1905 shows U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt using his "New Diplomacy"characterized by the phrase "speak softly and carry a big stick"to police the world. He did so by sending the U.S. Great White Fleet on maneuvers in the western Pacific Ocean as a show of force from December 1907 through February 1909. Roosevelts Big Stick Foreign Policy by OpenStaxCollege is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Teddy Roosevelt's dictum didn't mean what Romney seems to think it does. Im not sure, but this just might be my favorite political cartoon of Teddy Roosevelt. This quote is used in Angry Staff Officer's article "How 'Big Stick Policy . Big Stick diplomacy defined his presidency. Any type of essay. The Big Stick in the Caribbean Sea is a political cartoon where the main character is the US president Theodore Roosevelt. How does the image convey such ideas/information? This cartoon re-tells the story of Jack and the Beanstalk with President Theodore Roosevelt as Jack confronting various . The map below ([link]) shows the widespread effects of Roosevelts policies throughout Latin America. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. After all, look at what happened in Panama. The presentation includes visuals, maps, political cartoons, and a wrap-up activity where students demonstrate their knowledge by completing a cartoon strip. The boats are labeled Debt Collector and Tax Collector. This creative 15-slide presentation reviews the major ideas of President Teddy Roosevelts Big Stick Diplomacy and the Panamanian Revolution. At the same time, he sent a message to his counterparts in Central and South America, should the United States see problems erupt in the region, that it would intervene in order to maintain peace and stability throughout the hemisphere. 1. Roosevelt unilaterally attached the concept to the Monroe Doctrine, despite the fact that it had little to do with the initial . In foreign policy, Roosevelt advocated for a stronger army and navy, and increased American intervention in Latin America through declaring the "Roosevelt Corollary" to the Monroe Doctrine and constructing the Panama Canal. Roosevelt's first noted public use of the phrase occurred when he advocated before the U.S. Congress increasing naval preparation to support the nation's diplomatic objectives. The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. He did so with the Roosevelt Corollary, in which he stated: It is not true that the United States feels any land hunger or entertains any projects as regards the other nations of the Western Hemisphere save as such are for their welfare. Rights. Clearly, without a military presence there, he could not as easily use his big stick threat credibly to achieve his foreign policy goals. Students should be able to interpret Teddy Roosevelt's opinions of big business and regulation through reading primary source speeches. In addition, the United States established a protectorate over Cuba and annexed Hawaii. Undaunted, Roosevelt chose to now wield the big stick. In comments to journalists, he made it clear that the United States would strongly support the Panamanian people should they choose to revolt against Colombia and form their own nation. Little prep and great depth! full-length version of a secretly taped video. The resource includes a clear political cartoon, an informative text to provide historical context for students, and a graphic organizer with scaffolded analysis questions that follow Bloom's Taxonomy! Theodore Roosevelt served as president from 1901-1909, ascending to the office after the assassination of William McKinley. In one case, Nelson Harding's January 12, 1909, cartoon depicts two different points of view. Japans defense against Russia was supported by President Roosevelt, but when Japans ongoing victories put the United States own Asian interests at risk, he stepped in. Imperialism political cartoon analysis activity examines the Roosevelt Corollary and Big Stick Policy in Latin America. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. Nonetheless, as negotiations with Japan illustrated, the maintenance of an empire was fraught with complexity. As a result, when conflicts did arise on the other side of the Pacific, Roosevelt adopted a policy of maintaining a balance of power among the nations there. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Roosevelt believed that while the coercive power wielded by the United States could be harmful in the wrong hands, the Western Hemispheres best interests were also the best interests of the United States. This belief, and his strategy of speaking softly and carrying a big stick, shaped much of Roosevelts foreign policy. He believed that if the U.S. made a show of force to the rest of the world, other nations might be more hesitant to challenge the American military. (Wikimedia Commons), Despite mostly keeping mum about it in public, Mitt Romney took a big swipe at President Obama on foreign policy in the. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. FDR and the Supreme Court, 1937 Why did he employ these different methods? The political cartoon shows a massively powerful figure. Image 12: "Big Stick" themed political cartoons, Theordore . Roosevelt was often depicted in cartoons wielding his "big stick" and pushing the U.S. foreign agenda, often through the power of . United States, {"event":"pageview","page_type1":"catalog","page_type2":"image_page","language":"en","user_logged":"false","user_type":"ecommerce","nl_subscriber":"false"}, {"event":"ecommerce_event","event_name":"view_item","event_category":"browse_catalog","ecommerce":{"items":[{"item_id":"GCL3141367","item_brand":"other","item_category2":"undetermined_copyright","item_category3":"standard","item_category5":"not_balown","item_list_name":"search_results","item_name":"teddy_roosevelt_cartoon_the_big_stick_in_the_caribbean_sea_president_theodore_roosevelt_enforcing_hi","item_variant":"undefined"}]}}. Cartoon, 1904, by W.A. Courtesy: Library of Congress. Wishing to maintain the aforementioned balance of power, in 1905, Roosevelt arranged for diplomats from both nations to attend a secret peace conference in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. President Theodore Roosevelt's assertive approach to Latin America and the Caribbean has often been characterized as the "Big Stick," and his policy came to be known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal had three main tenets: consumer protection, conservation and regulation of corporations. However, Roosevelt decided to establish the Big Stick Policy, which was able to keep America out of military encounters as he employed the legitimate threat of force apart from the military. Big Stick Diplomacy refers to the foreign policy of President Theodore Roosevelt. Well even meet a 3-hour deadline. If a nation does not in this sense speak softly, then sooner or later the policy of the big stick is certain to result in war. You may have noticed the rather large stick Roosevelt was carrying in the last cartoon. Most importantly, the introduction of fumigation systems and mosquito nets following Dr. Walter Reeds discovery of the role of mosquitoes in the spread of malaria and yellow fever reduced the death rate and restored the fledgling morale among workers and American-born supervisors. Roosevelt, with his big stick policy, was able to keep the United States out of military conflicts by employing the legitimate threat of force. While President McKinley ushered in the era of the American empire through military strength and economic coercion, his successor, Theodore Roosevelt, established a new foreign policy approach, allegedly based on a favorite African proverb, "speak softly, and carry a big stick, and you will go far" (Figure 22.14).At the crux of his foreign policy was a thinly veiled threat. Show More. Following his presidency, writing in Outlook magazine in 1914 about Belgiums lack of preparedness for World War I, Roosevelt returned to the metaphor of the big stick: One of the main lessons to learn from this war is embodied in the homely proverb, Speak softly and carry a big stick. Persistently only half of this proverb has been quoted in deriding the men who wish to safeguard our national interest and honor. Semester Bundle Source. Big Stick policy, in American history, policy popularized and named by Theodore Roosevelt that asserted U.S. domination when such dominance was considered the moral imperative. Nast as influenced by Roosevelt actions to lead America into greatness hence he drew an image correctly representing how he and other Americans viewed Roosevelt as a President. Big stick ideology, big stick diplomacy, or big stick policy refers to President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy, "speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far". The "Big Stick". Roosevelt was absolutely horrified at such un-sportsman-like behavior; he was after all a conservationist. Romney's argument is that increasing American power -- making the stick . "I have always been fond of the West African proverb: "Speak softly and . Students will examine each of the following topics:The Progressive Era (Progressive Movement)Muck, Open Door Policy: John Hay's Open Door Policy through Cartoon Analysis!This resource is included in two bundles: my United States Imperialism Bundle and my World History Imperialism Bundle!In this engaging resource, students work independently to analyze five political cartoon images relating to John Hay's "Open Door" policy toward China under President William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt's presidencies. The image that is selected for the analysis is from the pre-1856 epoch of US history, and it represents the imagination of the political and social life as it was imagined by artists. From George W. Bush on down to Harry Truman, it's basically been the same stick the whole time. Analyze the political cartoon. You probably already knew this, but the teddy bear was named after Theodore Roosevelt. In this image, the president is enforcing the concept of the Monroe Doctrine by leading the naval steamships to move from one Caribbean port to another. When McKinley ran with Roosevelt as his vice president, Hanna declared, Theres only one life between that madman and the Presidency, and we all know how that turned out. Caption - President Roosevelt, in his Chicago speech, applies an old . Add highlights, virtual manipulatives, and more. Compared to other countries, its size is gigantic, and it's been that way ever since World War II. Collect, curate and comment on your files. Satirical cartoon in 'Judge' about Theodore Roosevelt's 'Big Stick' policy, 1900-1907, United States, Washington . Studying primary sources adds to students understanding of history and society, making the past more real. The most strategic point for the construction was across the fifty-mile isthmus of Panama, which, at the turn of the century, was part of the nation of Colombia. . Select from premium Teddy Roosevelt Cartoon of the highest quality. Answer key included! Since Teddy Roosevelt was highly respected, many believed in him and his words. Quizzes with auto-grading, and real-time student data. RM MR389T - Cartoon depicting Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) an American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, and naturalist, who served as the 26th President of the United States. Subsequent negotiations reinforced the Open Door policy throughout China and the rest of Asia. The president during this time Theodore Roosevelt, a republican, was one of the first modern presidents the United States had encountered and he . At the crux of his foreign policy was a thinly veiled threat. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. You cant deny he is fascinating and accomplished a lot, even if at times his actions were questionable. I particularly like this cartoon because it makes Roosevelt look like a big kid playing with his toys, which I suppose is how some people felt about his dealings in the Caribbean and Latin America. Having trouble finding the perfect essay? My favorite lesson of the year! Like this cartoon, much of the press praised President Theodore Roosevelt's central role as a diligent and patient mediator in the conflict. He previously served as the 25th vice president under William McKinley . They provide an excellent reinforcement of key ideas of the Progressive Era curriculum.I use these skill-building activities with my secondary US History students during our Progressive Era Un, Content Gilded AgeProgressive EraIda TarbellStandard Oil v. USMuckrakerTenementsJacob RiisHow the Other Half LivesJane Addams (reformer)Hull HouseSettlement HousesMeat Inspection ActPure Food and Drug ActReading Comprehension: The Jungle by Upton SinclairSquare Deal3 Cs of Square DealTrust-BusterSherman-Anti Trust ActPreservationistJohn MuirHetch HetchySierra ClubCoal-Strike of 1902Newlands Reclamation ActJohn Muir Reading Comprehension with QuestionsSherman Anti-Trust ActSquare DealTheodore Ro, PLEASE TAKE TIME TO LEAVE FEEDBACK! So, Roosevelt sought to enhance the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission through the Hepburn Act, which the senate passed after Roosevelt appealed to the U.S. citizens to pressure the senate. Theodore Roosevelt was born on October 27, 1858, in New York City to parents Theodore Roosevelt, Sr., and Martha Bulloch Roosevelt. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Millions of high-quality images, video, and music options are waiting for you. Roosevelt was often depicted in cartoons wielding his big stick and pushing the U.S. foreign agenda, often through the power of the U.S. Navy. Format. Political Cartoon #2: Title the cartoon: _____Then and Now_____ 1.) Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (October 27, 1858 - January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or his initials T. R., was an American politician, statesman, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909. In a speech delivered at the Minnesota State Fair on September 2, 1901 he said, "Speak softly, and carry a big stick." . Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which policy sought to furtherAmerican interests in LatinAmerica by using the financial power of American business?, The cartoon shows the actions of President Roosevelt in, Critics of the actions shown in this cartoon claimed President Roosevelt was and more. One view of Roosevelt's foreign policy. When he first took office in 1901 (following the assassination of President William McKinley), the Panama Canal project was a recently-abandoned disaster. Thus, the image presents Roosevelt as an able man who is capable of taking extreme steps hence elaborating on the Big Stick policy. Roosevelt was famous for saying, Speak softly and carry a big stick. I think that saying is the first thing I learned about Roosevelt. Still Image/Political Cartoon. By the end of this section, you will be able to: While President McKinley ushered in the era of the American empire through military strength and economic coercion, his successor, Theodore Roosevelt, established a new foreign policy approach, allegedly based on a favorite African proverb, speak softly, and carry a big stick, and you will go far ([link]). I should confess that I have a Theodore Roosevelt teddy bear with glasses! I use these primary source analysis activities to help prepare my students for the state End of Course (EOC) Exam a.k.a. Both his parents came from wealthy families, his father's ancestors having settled on Manhattan Island in 1644. Without a doubt, the president appears as a conqueror of all type of relations in Central America and the Caribbean Sea; this is illustrated by him wearing the US flag as a scarf around his neck. In November 1903, he even sent American battleships to the coast of Colombia, ostensibly for practice maneuvers, as the Panamanian revolution unfolded. Even though they decided to build a lock-system rather than a sea-level canal, workers still had to excavate over 170 million cubic yards of earth with the use of over one hundred new rail-mounted steam shovels ([link]). Boards are the best place to save images and video clips. Following the successful revolution, Panama became an American protectorate, and remained so until 1939. The image was made when American history was at its break out as the international affairs were heating up and the US was emerging from the Industrial Revolution after taking some time to focus on home matters. The Big Stick in the Caribbean Sea" is a political cartoon where the main character is the US president Theodore Roosevelt. I created this resource to help students understand that these two eras overlap and interact. When the power balance tipped, Roosevelt acted to broker a peace deal between Russia and Japan as a means of restoring balance. Although such is not explicitly represented in the cartoon, it is evident when Roosevelt is seen pulling naval ships using a string. Besides, large eagles can be seen flying in the air behind him which can be regarded as ensuring his safety as well as enhance the US military strength to keep Roosevelt going. He brokered an agreement for an American-led canal through Panama, expanded American influence in Cuba, and negotiated a peace treaty between Russia and Japan. The political cartoon illustrates Roosevelt in a positive manner, a circumstance that is contradicting many politicians depictions by Nast. For the first year of operations, the United States worked primarily to build adequate housing, cafeterias, warehouses, machine shops, and other elements of infrastructure that previous French efforts had failed to consider. The image uses rhetorical appeals and context to represent its ideas as well as convince the targeted audience. These negotiations also garnered the Nobel Peace Prize for Roosevelt, the first American to receive the award. Who were the Muckrakers? 1 drawing on paper : ink, crayon, porous point pen, opaque white, and overlay over blue pencil underdrawing ; 56 x 38.2 cm (sheet) | Editorial cartoon showing portraits of past presidents, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, and Ronald Reagan, each with a quote attributed to them. His big stick policies were present in the majority of his political undertakings. Political Cartoon representing Teddy Roosevelt's "Big Stick" policy in the Caribbean and Central America. Square Deal Speech by Teddy Roosevelt Primary Source Analysis teaches students about Roosevelts views on the American Republic, its ideals, corporate power, and his goals for the the country. Their causes included public health, city planning, the prohibition of alcohol, the income tax, the regulation of big business, conservation, primary elections, and the popular election of United States senators, among others. During that time period more than 13% of the U.S. population were foreign-born, with the vast majority of them from Europe. The image is conveying an illustration of Theodore Roosevelt with his expansion and enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine. Common Use. Roosevelt once famously said, "Speak softly, and carry a big . Nevertheless, one the notable and impactful Roosevelts actions through the Big Stick policy included shifting economic needs, power politics, and changing alliances in order to ensure that the United States trod carefully to maintain its status as the superpower.
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