...everything in the state, nothing against the State, nothing outside the state. a mass movement with multiclass membership in which prevail, among the leaders and the militants, the middle sectors, in large part new to political activity, organized as a party militia, that bases its identity not on social hierarchy or class origin but on a sense of comradeship, believes itself invested with a mission of national regeneration, considers itself in a state of war against political adversaries and aims at conquering a monopoly of political power by using terror, parliamentary politics, and deals with leading groups, to create a new regime that destroys parliamentary democracy; an 'anti-ideological' and pragmatic ideology that proclaims itself antimaterialist, anti-individualist, antiliberal, antidemocratic, anti-Marxist, is populist and. Georgi Dimitrov, Bulgarian Communist, was a theorist of capitalism who expanded Lenin's ideas and the work of Clara Zetkin.

[34], John Lukacs, Hungarian-American historian and Holocaust survivor, argues in the Hitler of History that there is no such thing as generic fascism, claiming that National Socialism and Italian Fascism were more different than similar and that, alongside communism, they were ultimately radical forms of populism. Governmental » US Government -- and more... FDPO - FDPR - FDPS - FDPU - FDQ - FDR/FA - FDRA - FDRD - FDRE - FDRI. "Appendix A: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting Recommendations Relative to the Strengthening and Enforcement of Anti-trust Laws", How Fascism Works: The Politics of Us and Them, "Fascism Scholar Says U.S. Is 'Losing Its Democratic Status, The palingenetic core of generic fascist ideology, The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius, Franklin D. Roosevelt. "[20] Mary Pols of Time criticized the film's "terrible sense of chemistry all the way around" and declared that "even the pairing of Witherspoon and Handler [...] turns out to be a dud. The FDR hearing is “without prejudice” to either spouse or partner’s position at any Final Hearing. PSP, HIPAA Griffin writes that a broad scholarly consensus developed in English-speaking social sciences during the 1990s, around the following definition of fascism: [Fascism is] a genuinely revolutionary, trans-class form of anti-liberal, and in the last analysis, anti-conservative nationalism. Political doctrines pass; nations remain. Many scholars use the word "fascism" without capitalization in a more general sense, to refer to an ideology (or group of ideologies) which was influential in many countries at many different times. The results of his analysis showed that the party's ideology satisfies all the criteria of nine categories (nine points), some of the criteria of three categories (1.5 points) and none of the criteria of one category (0 points). Fascism is the power of finance capital itself. Johann Plenge, another early national socialist intellectual, saw national socialism as a German adaptation of socialism. But still, when we apply the term ‘Fascism’ to Germany or Japan or Mussolini's Italy, we know broadly what we mean. [31], Dimitri Kitsikis, a Greek Turkologist and Sinologist, proposed a model of fascism in 1998 featuring 13 categories by which fascist ideologies, movements and establishments can be analyzed and contrasted with others:[32], Using this model, Kitsikis argued that Jean-Jacques Rousseau, philosopher and father of the French Revolution, laid the foundations of French Fascism. Tuck goes to Joe's karate lesson, where Joe loses his match and feels dejected. Espousal of an idealist, vitalist, and voluntaristic philosophy, normally involving the attempt to realize a new modern, self-determined, and secular culture, Creation of a new nationalist authoritarian state not based on traditional principles or models, Organization of a new highly regulated, multiclass, integrated national economic structure, whether called national corporatist, national socialist, or national syndicalist, Positive evaluation and use of, or willingness to use, violence and war, The goal of empire, expansion, or a radical change in the nation's relationship with other powers, Anticonservatism (though with the understanding that fascist groups were willing to undertake temporary alliances with other sectors, more commonly with the right), Attempted mass mobilization with militarization of political relationships and style and with the goal of a mass single party militia, Emphasis on aesthetic structure of meetings, symbols, and political liturgy, stressing emotional and mystical aspects, Extreme stress on the masculine principle and male dominance, while espousing a strongly organic view of society, Exaltation of youth above other phases of life, emphasizing the conflict of the generations, at least in effecting the initial political transformation, Specific tendency toward an authoritarian, charismatic, personal style of command, whether or not the command is to some degree initially elective, Ewan McGaughey, 'Fascism-Lite in America (or the social idea of Donald Trump)' (2016), This page was last edited on 6 November 2020, at 03:23. "[49] Amadeo Bordiga argued that fascism is merely another form of bourgeois rule, on the same level as bourgeois democracy or traditional monarchy, and that it is not particularly reactionary or otherwise exceptional.[50]. August 2, 2016. An early study of fascism was written by Clara Zetkin for the Third Plenum in 1923: "Fascism is the concentrated expression of the general offensive undertaken by the world bourgeoisie against the proletariat.... fascism [is] an expression of the decay and disintegration of the capitalist economy and as a symptom of the bourgeois state’s dissolution. This Means War is a 2012 American action spy film directed by McG, produced by Will Smith and starring Reese Witherspoon, Chris Pine, and Tom Hardy.



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